NEET MDS Shorts
23684
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
An intraoral periapical x-ray is the primary diagnostic tool for
detecting impacted molars. This type of x-ray provides a detailed view of the
entire tooth, including the surrounding bone and tissues, allowing the dentist
to determine the position and angulation of the impacted tooth in relation to
the adjacent structures. However, a CBCT may be used in more complex cases for a
three-dimensional assessment.
81595
NEETMDS
While articulated models are useful for diagnosis and treatment planning in many cases, a Class II case with severe overjet of 14mm is not considered an absolute indication for mounting on an articulator.
31038
Dental Materials
Electralloy is an alloy of electrolytic gold and calcium, typically with a calcium content of 0.1-0.5%. The addition of calcium creates a dispersion-hardened material that is stronger than pure gold. This property makes it suitable for use in restorations requiring increased hardness and wear resistance, such as inlays and onlays.
53604
RadiologyIntensifying screen is used in extraoral radiographs to decrease patient radiation.
43925
State PSC PYQAn irreversible index measures conditions that will not change over time, such as dental caries (decayed, missing, filled teeth).A reversible index measures conditions that can change or be reversed, such as the presence of plaque or gingivitis.The score for an irreversible index remains constant on subsequent examinations because the condition being measured is permanent.
51245
Oral PathologyDiseases that increase oral melanin pigmentation include Addison's disease.
69555
NEETMDS
Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt treatment to halt the disease process, such as a pulpotomy to prevent further progression.
61194
Pathology
Indirect chemical carcinogens differ from direct acting agents in that they
require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. This means
that indirect carcinogens must undergo a chemical transformation within the body
before they can damage DNA and induce cancer. Direct acting carcinogens, on the
other hand, can interact directly with DNA without the need for metabolic
conversion. Therefore, the correct answer is:
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation
1. Induce carcinogenicity without chemical transformation: This statement is
incorrect for indirect chemical carcinogens. Indirect carcinogens are typically
non-reactive or less reactive in their original form and must undergo metabolic
activation to become DNA-reactive. This metabolic conversion is crucial for
their carcinogenic potential.
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation: This is the correct
explanation. Indirect carcinogens require metabolic activation by the body's
enzyme systems, particularly phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450, to convert
them into electrophilic or reactive intermediates that can interact with DNA.
This activation process can occur in various tissues, often the liver, where
these enzymes are present. The reactive metabolites then form DNA adducts, which
can lead to mutations and ultimately cancer if not repaired properly by the
cell's DNA repair mechanisms.
3. Don’t require metabolic conversion: This statement is incorrect. Indirect
carcinogens do require metabolic conversion to become active carcinogens. It is
the direct acting carcinogens that can interact with DNA without the need for
such activation because they are already electrophilic or reactive in their
original form.
90021
Oral SurgeryExplanation: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is commonly added to local anesthetics to prolong their effect and reduce bleeding in the area. It works by constricting blood vessels, which decreases the rate of absorption of the anesthetic into the bloodstream, thereby enhancing its duration of action.
64765
Dental Materials
HEMA is a hydrophilic monomer that is applied to the conditioned dentin. It fills the dentinal tubules and adheres to the exposed collagen fibers, creating a wetting layer that allows subsequent hydrophobic resins to infiltrate and bond to the dentin. This bridging action is crucial for the adhesion of resin to the hydrophilic dentin surface, which is essential for the longevity and durability of the restoration.