99460

Streptococcus viridans is characterized by non-capsulated, round to oval cells in chains and has a negative oxidase reaction.

83678

The primary function of sutures in oral surgery is to control bleeding and stabilize the tissues involved. By holding the tissue flaps in place, sutures protect the underlying structures and promote proper healing.

51652

67027

Factors that can lead to tooth discoloration following a large amalgam filling include the bonding to dentin, the time of application of materials, and the removal of the smear layer. "Technique sensitive and expensive" is not a biological or chemical factor in the discoloration process itself, but rather a characteristic of a different dental procedure.

74543

Salmonella species, excluding Shigella sonnei, which is lactose non-fermenting, will ferment lactose in MacConkey agar, turning the colonies pink due to the formation of acidic end-products

17831

Foreshortening of the radiographic image results when the central X-ray is perpendicular to the film but not to the object.

68676

The functional occlusal plane is used as the reference in the transverse direction for the WITS analysis to assess the sagittal jaw relationship.

49154

Posterior palatal seal is recorded when the head is bent at 30 degrees.

98367

Traumatic injury is the most frequent cause of TMJ ankylosis, particularly intra-articular fractures involving the condyle and glenoid fossa. Trauma can cause intra-articular bleeding, fibrin formation, and subsequent fibrosis or bony fusion. Birth trauma, falls, motor vehicle accidents, and mandibular fractures are common causes. Osteoarthritis typically causes joint degeneration rather than ankylosis. Congenital syphilis and traumatic occlusion are rare causes.

72304

Explanation: The medial pterygoid muscle primarily functions to move the mandible medially and assist in closing the jaw. It does not directly influence the borders of a maxillary denture in the region of the pterygomaxillary notch. Instead, it is involved in the movement of the mandible and may indirectly affect the fit and stability of the denture.