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NEET MDS Shorts

62277
Physiology

Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are at least 51 ?mol/L (3.0 mg/dL), indicating jaundice.

72984
Pathology

Mcroscopic picture of red blood cells (RBCs) in thalassemia, the following characteristics are typically observed:

  1. Microcytic: The RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic) due to the reduced hemoglobin content.
  2. Hypochromic: The RBCs have a lower concentration of hemoglobin, leading to a paler appearance (hypochromic).
  3. Target cells: These are RBCs that have a bullseye appearance due to an abnormal distribution of hemoglobin within the cell. Target cells are often seen in thalassemia due to the imbalance of globin chains and the resultant membrane changes.

25857
Oral Pathology

Pulsations or murmurs may be detected in osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) because it is a highly vascular tumor, meaning it has a rich blood supply. The rapid blood flow through the numerous vessels within the tumor can create detectable pulsations or a murmur (bruit) upon physical examination, particularly if the tumor is large or superficially located. 
Capillary haemangiomas are also vascular but typically do not produce a palpable thrill or audible murmur due to the small size of the vessels involved.
Epidermoid carcinomas and osteoid osteomas are generally not associated with significant vascular bruits or pulsations.

29054
Physiology

Lithocholic acid is excreted in feces due to its insolubility, as it is not efficiently reabsorbed in the enterohepatic circulation.

59652
General Pathology

Zenkers degeneration is characterized by coagulative necrosis, typically seen in cases of ischemia or infarction.

36844
Oral Pathology

Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) causes hyperbilirubinemia leading to bilirubin deposition in developing teeth. This results in characteristic pigmented teeth with green, brown, or blue discoloration. The pigmentation occurs due to biliverdin and bilirubin incorporation into the dentin and enamel during tooth development. Dentinal dysplasia and hypoplastic teeth are not typical features of erythroblastosis fetalis.

81558
INI CET

Prescriptive analysis is the most advanced form, using optimization and simulation algorithms to advise on the best course of action to achieve goals.

72876
Endodontics

Pulpectomy involves the complete removal of the pulp from the root canals, followed by cleaning, shaping, and filling the canals with a suitable material.

50718
Public Health Dentistry

Pit and fissure caries are initiated by the accumulation of food debris and bacteria in deep, narrow fissures and pits on the tooth surface, which are protected from the normal cleansing mechanisms of the mouth, even in the absence of a thick, mature dental plaque biofilm.

Plaque is necessary for the initiation of proximal, smooth surface, and root surface caries.

48666
Physiology

Calbindin binds calcium and prevents it from affecting epithelial signaling, facilitating calcium absorption in the intestine.

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