NEET MDS Shorts
13418
Microbiology
A classic example of delayed type IV hypersensitivity is the Mantoux tuberculin test in which skin induration indicates exposure to tuberculosis. This reaction is called "delayed hypersensitivity" because it is mediated by sensitized CD4+ T lymphocytes which process antigens in association with class II HLA molecules and release lymphokines. Hypersensitivity reactions with this mode of action include: Granulomatous diseases (mycobacteria, fungi) Tuberculin skin reactions Transplant rejection Contact dermatitis Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated responses: CD8+ T cells are generated and lyse specific cells. Class I HLA molecules play a role. Reactions with this mode include: Neoplastic cell lysis Transplant rejection Virus-infected cell lysis
The lymphokines promote a reaction (especially mediated through macrophages) beginning in hours but reaching a peak in 2 to 3 days.
44591
RadiologyScintigraphy cannot differentiate benign and malignant tumours of the salivary gland.
57069
Oral Surgery
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels. When added to a local anesthetic solution, this effect achieves several things:
It keeps the anesthetic localized to the injection area for a longer period, which increases the duration of anesthesia.
It slows the absorption of the anesthetic into the bloodstream, which reduces the risk of systemic toxicity.
It helps control bleeding in the area where the injection is given.
86333
PedodonticsOcclusal correction is done after periodontal therapy primarily in cases of trauma from occlusion.
70982
General Microbiologythe Prausnitz and Kustner experiment demonstrated Transfer of serum containing allergen-specific IgE from an allergic person to a non-allergic person induces an allergic reaction. This experiment showed that the allergic state is mediated by a serum component, which we now know is the immunoglobulin E (IgE), and that it can be passively transferred from one individual to another.
46894
Microbiology
79401
Public Health DentistryStratified sampling is a probability sampling technique where the population is divided into homogeneous subgroups or "strata". A sample is then randomly selected from each stratum, which ensures that each subgroup is adequately represented in the final sample. This method helps to reduce sampling error and ensures more precise estimates of population characteristics compared to simple random sampling, especially when the population has natural variations or subgroups
76957
RadiologyGamma camera in Nuclear Medicine is used for measuring the radioactivity.
33182
ProsthodonticsFor a tooth-supported RPD, the lingual bar is normally the mandibular major connector of choice. Since the denture is entirely tooth-supported with no tissue-supported extensions, the simpler lingual bar design provides adequate rigidity and strength while being more comfortable and hygienic than more complex designs.
73761
Community DentistryPatient records, including dental X-ray films, are typically the property of the dentist who created them. The dentist is responsible for maintaining, storing, and safeguarding these records according to legal and professional standards. However, patients do have the right to access and obtain copies of their records.