94938

Trismus in parapharyngeal abscess is due to spasm of the medial pterygoid muscle. The infection in the parapharyngeal space causes irritation and reflex spasm of this muscle, which is closely related anatomically to this space, resulting in restricted mouth opening.

64459

An antibioma is a localized mass of granulation tissue that forms in response to the presence of antibiotics, often as a result of an infection. It is not a tumor in the traditional sense but rather a reactive tissue response to the antibiotic treatment.

56869

29360

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder. This means that a single copy of the defective gene, inherited from either parent, is sufficient to cause the disease. Each offspring of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disease.

29173

For women, the increased risk of coronary heart disease typically starts at the age of 55 years.

91701

Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration, which can occur in patients with airflow obstruction conditions such as emphysema and asthma. These conditions can lead to increased intrathoracic pressure swings during respiration, which affects the cardiac output and arterial pulse amplitude.

23878

Cushing's syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol excess leads to symptoms such as moon facies, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, purple striae, and proximal muscle weakness, among others.

84667

Pulmonary embolism is often associated with the sudden onset of absent or diminished breath sounds on the affected side of the chest due to the obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot.

57446

Albuterol is a beta2-adrenergic agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, while ipratropium is a muscarinic antagonist that blocks the parasympathetic effects on the airways, leading to bronchodilation.

77307

Lung abscess secondary to aspiration is most often seen in the apical lower lobe (superior segment of lower lobe). This occurs because when patients are supine or semi-recumbent during aspiration, gravity directs aspirated material to this dependent portion of the lung.