75065

Boggy gums can be seen in both pregnancy and leukaemia.

Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive, swollen, and prone to bleeding, which can be described as boggy.

Leukaemia: In some forms of leukaemia, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia, cancerous cells can infiltrate the gums, leading to swelling, bleeding, and a boggy appearance.

Polycythaemia: While polycythaemia involves an increase in red blood cells, it does not typically cause the characteristic boggy gum appearance in the same way as pregnancy or leukaemia.

22853

• Dilantin (phenytoin) therapy is associated with gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue), which is primarily fibrotic and not inflammatory.
• The other options (pregnancy, vitamin C deficiency, and puberty) are associated with primary inflammation, such as gingivitis or inflammatory responses in tissues.

53080

Recurrent sinusitis is due to both anatomical abnormalities and poor resistance. Anatomical factors like deviated nasal septum, polyps, or narrow ostia predispose to infection. Poor immune resistance, allergies, or systemic conditions also contribute to recurrent episodes.

98831

Paget's disease is characterized by excessive and abnormal bone remodeling, which results in increased bone turnover. This increased turnover is reflected in the serum by high levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone formation. While calcium and phosphorus levels may be affected in some cases, the hallmark biochemical abnormality in Paget's disease is elevated alkaline phosphatase.

84574

Type 2 diabetes is primarily associated with insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin.

32776

While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.

32648

The combination of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea with seizures in a young child is more indicative of gastroenteritis, which can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances leading to seizures, rather than the other options listed.

31025

Digoxin can cause hyperkalemia due to its effect on sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in cardiac cells, leading to increased intracellular sodium and decreased intracellular potassium. However, it is important to note that digoxin can also cause arrhythmias in the presence of high serum potassium levels.

63163

1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable materials and is absorbed by the body over time.

81632

Prolonged immobilization, such as during hospitalization or after surgery, is a significant risk factor for the development of DVT. Other risk factors include age over 65, obesity, and cancer, but among hospitalized patients, immobilization is the most common precipitating factor for venous thrombosis.