23851

Chronic alcoholism is not a commonly recognized or direct risk factor or trigger for the development of pyogenic granuloma. Pyogenic granulomas are often treated by injecting alcohol (ethanol) into them

40456

Dentinal caries does not cause bacteremia as it does not involve direct access to the circulatory system. Tooth extraction, periodontitis, and endodontic therapy can cause bacteremia because they involve manipulation of tissues with direct vascular access.

54260

The primary cells that characterize eosinophilic granuloma are histiocytes.

51119

Causalgia is severe, burning pain that arises after injury to or sectioning of a peripheral sensory nerve. It is characterized by intense burning sensation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia in the distribution of the damaged nerve. Temporal arteritis is vascular inflammation, neuralgia is nerve pain without structural damage, and neuritis is nerve inflammation, but causalgia specifically refers to post-traumatic nerve pain.

25153

The mode of inheritance of multilocular cystic fibrous dysplasia is dominant.

88079

An ameloblastic fibroma is a benign odontogenic tumor that contains both epithelial and mesenchymal components, making it a mixed tissue neoplasm. While it can resemble an ameloblastoma histologically, it is generally less aggressive and has a better prognosis. Ameloblastic fibromas are often found in younger patients and can be treated effectively with surgical excision.

61779

Statement 2 is false. In myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), the perioral musculature becomes HYPERtonic (increased muscle tension), not hypotonic. MPDS is characterized by muscle spasm, tenderness, and hypercontraction of masticatory muscles. Statement 1 is true - MPDS mainly affects young females (20-40 years), with a 4:1 female predominance. The hypertonicity leads to muscle fatigue, pain, and restricted mouth opening.

99005

Muscular overextension and overcontraction is the primary causative factor for MPDS. This occurs due to parafunctional habits (bruxism, clenching), stress, malocclusion, or postural problems leading to muscle fatigue, spasm, and pain. The cycle of muscle tension, pain, and further spasm perpetuates the condition. Infratemporal space infection, auriculotemporal neuritis, and otitis media are not primary causes of MPDS.

47608

84128

Exposure for children should be reduced by 50% compared to adults.