📖 General Medicine
Showing page 1 of 13
(52 total records)
Thalassemia
General Medicine
| Type |
Key Feature |
| Beta Thalassemia |
↓ Beta chains, ↑ Alpha chains |
| Common mutation |
Intron-1 |
| Diagnosis |
Hb electrophoresis |
| Screening test |
NESTROFT |
| Radiology sign |
Hair-on-end skull appearance |
- Alpha Thalassemia: Caused by deletion of alpha genes
- HbH Disease: Deletion of 3 alpha chains
Cardiomyopathy
General Medicine
| Condition |
Key Highlights |
| Restrictive CM |
Most common cause: Amyloidosis |
| Hypertrophic CM (HOCM) |
Sudden death in athletes |
| HOCM Signs |
Double apex beat |
| HOCM Drug Warning |
Digoxin contraindicated |
Key Clinical Pearls
General Medicine
- Blood transfusion: Always consider FNHTR first for
fever during transfusion
- G6PD deficiency: Heinz bodies are pathognomonic;
estrogen is safe
- BMT infections: HSV earliest, interstitial pneumonitis
at 7 weeks
- Prevention: Patient education and prophylaxis are
crucial in all three conditions
Hematology
General Medicine
🔻 Anemia Types
🔸 Microcytic
| Type |
Features |
| Thalassemia |
Microcytic hypochromic RBCs |
| IDA |
↓ ferritin, ↑ TIBC; ↓ bone marrow iron first |
| Hemochromatosis |
↑ ferritin, ↑ iron, ↑ transferrin sat |
| HUS |
Fragmented RBCs |
🔸 Macrocytic
- Pernicious anemia: ↓ intrinsic factor
- MCH ↑, MCHC normal
- Hypokalemia during treatment
- Causes: Dietary folate deficiency, celiac disease
- Thiamine deficiency → Lactic acidosis
🔸 Sideroblastic
- Causes: Hypothyroidism, INH therapy
- Treatment: Pyridoxine
- Genetic variant: Pearson syndrome
