📖 Pharmacology
Angiotensin
PharmacologyAngiotensin
It is generated in the plasma from a precursor plasma globulin. It is involved in the electrolyte balance, plasma
volume and B.P
Angiotensin I:
Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidney in response to a number of factors including adrenergic activity (β1-
receptor) and sodium depletion. Renin converts a circulating glycoprotein (angiotensinogen) into an inactive material angiotensin-I. It gets activation during passage through pulmonary circulation to angiotensin II by (ACE). ACE is located on the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells, particularly in the lungs & also present in many organ (e.g brain).
Angiotensin II:
Is an active agent, has a vasoconstrictor action on blood vessels & sodium and water retention
Warfarin
PharmacologyWarfarin (Coumadin):
- The most common oral anticoagulant.
- It is only active in vivo.
- Warfarin is almost completely bound to plasma proteins. -96% to 98% bound.
- Warfarin is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine.
- Coumarin anticoagulants pass the placental barrier and are secreted into the maternal milk.
- Newborn infants are more sensitive to oral anticoagulants than are adults because of lower vitamin K levels and lower rates of metabolism.
- Bleeding is the most common side effect and occurs most often from the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary tract.
Oral anticoagulants are contraindicated in:
• Conditions where active bleeding must be avoided, Vitamin K deficiency and severe
hepatic or renal disease, and where intensive salicylate therapy is required.
Procaine penicillin
PharmacologyProcaine penicillin Procaine penicillin is a combination of benzylpenicillin with the local anaesthetic agent procaine. This combination is aimed at reducing the pain and discomfort associated with a large intramuscular injection of penicillin.
Indications
respiratory tract infections where compliance with oral treatment is unlikely ,syphilis, cellulitis
PLASMA FRACTIONS
PharmacologyPLASMA FRACTIONS:
a) Fresh frozen plasma.
b) Platelets.
c) Plasma concentrates.
d) Non-plasma recombinant factor concentrates.