📖 Oral Pathology

Bull Neck: Seen in Diphtheria and Ludwig's Angina.

Bull's Eye Lesion / Target Lesions: Characteristic of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme.

Bull's Teeth: Refers to Taurodontism.

Circus Rubber Man: Clinical appearance associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to hypermobility and skin elasticity).

Claw Hands: A physical deformity seen in advanced Scleroderma.

Coup de Sabre: A linear depression or groove resembling a "saber cut" seen in Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome) and localized Scleroderma (linear scleroderma).

CREST Syndrome: A limited form of Scleroderma, characterized by:

• Calcinosis

• Raynaud's phenomenon

• Esophageal dysfunction

• Sclerodactyly

• Telangiectasias

Crowe's Sign: Axillary or inguinal freckling seen in Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Frog Facies: A characteristic facial appearance seen in Crouzon Syndrome (due to midfacial hypoplasia and exophthalmos).

Gorlin Sign: The ability to touch the tip of the nose with the tongue, seen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to increased joint laxity).

Hockey Stick Deformity of Femur and Shepherd's Crook Sign: Radiographic findings typically associated with Fibrous Dysplasia.

Parrot's Beak Nose: A nasal deformity seen in Crouzon Syndrome.

Red Strawberry Tongue and Pastia's Lines: Clinical signs characteristic of Scarlet Fever.

Rodent Facies: A facial appearance often associated with Thalassemia.

Simian Stance: A stooped posture, reminiscent of an ape, seen in Paget's Disease of Bone.

Snail Track Ulcers: Serpiginous, grayish-white lesions on mucous membranes, characteristic of Syphilis (mucous patches in secondary syphilis).

Socks Feet and Mitten Hands: Refers to syndactyly (fusion of digits) appearing like a sock or mitten, seen in Apert's Syndrome.

Parrot Beak Shaped Nails: A nail deformity (onychogryphosis) seen in Congenital Syphilis.

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) / Gorlin Cyst: Characterized by Ghost Cells.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC): Associated with a "blood-soaked" appearance on gross examination.

Radicular Cyst - Common Site: Maxillary anterior teeth (due to higher incidence of trauma).

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) / Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT):

• Most common site: Posterior mandible (similar to ameloblastoma).

• Expansion: Tends to expand antero-posteriorly; buccal and lingual expansion seen in late stages.

• Basal layer histology: Tall columnar cells with palisaded nuclei – "row of tombstones" or "picket fence appearance."

• Classification: Now considered a benign odontogenic neoplasm (KCOT) in recent WHO classifications.