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NEET MDS Synopsis - Lecture Notes
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📖 Oral Pathology

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES & DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS
Oral Pathology

Viral Infections

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1)

  • Dormancy Sites: Trigeminal > Nodose (Vagus) > Dorsal Root > Brain
  • Inclusions: Lipschutz bodies (intranuclear)
  • Herpetic Whitlow: Finger lesions in dentists
  • Location Difference:
    • Herpangina: Posterior palate
    • Herpes: Anterior palate

Herpes Zoster

  • Key Feature: Lesions do not cross midline
  • Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Zoster of geniculate ganglion → facial paralysis

Measles

  • Koplik's Spots: Disappear after skin rash onset

Rubella

  • First Trimester: Blindness, deafness, cardiovascular defects

Mumps

  • Complications: Orchitis, oophoritis (sterility), pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis
Desquamative Gingivitis
Oral Pathology
  • SLE → IgG, IgM, IgA deposits at BMZ + superficial lamina propria
  • Lichen Planus (Erosive/Atrophic) → Autoimmune T-cell; BMZ involvement
  • Cicatricial Pemphigoid → Subepidermal blistering from anti-BMZ antibodies
Syndromes & Characteristic Clinical Signs
Oral Pathology

  • Bull Neck: Seen in Diphtheria and Ludwig's Angina.

  • Bull's Eye Lesion / Target Lesions: Characteristic of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme.

  • Bull's Teeth: Refers to Taurodontism.

  • Circus Rubber Man: Clinical appearance associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to hypermobility and skin elasticity).

  • Claw Hands: A physical deformity seen in advanced Scleroderma.

  • Coup de Sabre: A linear depression or groove resembling a "saber cut" seen in Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome) and localized Scleroderma (linear scleroderma).

  • CREST Syndrome: A limited form of Scleroderma, characterized by:

    • Calcinosis

    • Raynaud's phenomenon

    • Esophageal dysfunction

    • Sclerodactyly

    • Telangiectasias

  • Crowe's Sign: Axillary or inguinal freckling seen in Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

  • Frog Facies: A characteristic facial appearance seen in Crouzon Syndrome (due to midfacial hypoplasia and exophthalmos).

  • Gorlin Sign: The ability to touch the tip of the nose with the tongue, seen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to increased joint laxity).

  • Hockey Stick Deformity of Femur and Shepherd's Crook Sign: Radiographic findings typically associated with Fibrous Dysplasia.

  • Parrot's Beak Nose: A nasal deformity seen in Crouzon Syndrome.

  • Red Strawberry Tongue and Pastia's Lines: Clinical signs characteristic of Scarlet Fever.

  • Rodent Facies: A facial appearance often associated with Thalassemia.

  • Simian Stance: A stooped posture, reminiscent of an ape, seen in Paget's Disease of Bone.

  • Snail Track Ulcers: Serpiginous, grayish-white lesions on mucous membranes, characteristic of Syphilis (mucous patches in secondary syphilis).

  • Socks Feet and Mitten Hands: Refers to syndactyly (fusion of digits) appearing like a sock or mitten, seen in Apert's Syndrome.

  • Parrot Beak Shaped Nails: A nail deformity (onychogryphosis) seen in Congenital Syphilis.

Embryological/Histogenetic Origins in Cysts
Oral Pathology

  • Derived from Reduced Enamel Epithelium (REE):

    • Dentigerous Cyst

    • Eruption Cyst

    • Paradental Cyst

  • Derived from Rests of Serres (remnants of dental lamina):

    • Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)

    • Gingival Cyst of Newborn

    • Gingival Cyst of Adult

    • Lateral Periodontal Cyst

    • Glandular Odontogenic Cyst