NEET MDS Shorts
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AnatomyTip of tongue + incisors + lower lip + chin -> submental nodes. Rest of tongue (anterior 2/3 lateral border, floor mouth) -> submandibular (Ib). Tip + submental then to submandibular then to jugulo-omohyoid.
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Oral PathologyRoot canal treatment is the treatment of choice for a patient with a painful carious exposed mandibular first molar with periapical abscess.
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Periodontics
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Anatomy
The buccal mucosa of mandibular molars is supplied by the long buccal nerve and requires a separate buccal nerve block. The inferior alveolar nerve supplies mandibular teeth, chin skin, and lower lip through its branches.
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Oral PathologyLichenoid reactions are mainly due to the intake of certain drugs.
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Oral PathologyAll of the mentioned syndromes can exhibit high arched palate. Marfans syndrome shows high arched palate due to connective tissue abnormalities. Down syndrome may have high arched palate. Pierre-Robin syndrome has micrognathia with high arched/cleft palate. Treacher Collins syndrome shows palatal defects. Craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzons) and cleidocranial dysplasia both can present with high arched palate due to developmental abnormalities affecting craniofacial growth.
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Pathology
Lungs in LVF: brown induration due to hemosiderin-laden macrophages (heart failure cells) from pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Liver = nutmeg, Spleen = congestive splenomegaly with Gamna-Gandy bodies.
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Oral Pathology
Explanation: It is caused by a gram-negative fungus: This statement
is not true. Thrush is caused by Candida albicans,
which is a yeast (fungus) but not a gram-negative organism. In fact, fungi
are not classified as gram-positive or gram-negative in the same way that
bacteria are. Candida is a eukaryotic organism and does not fit
into the gram classification system. It is characterized by a plaque of proliferating epithelial and
other cells: This statement is true. Thrush
presents as white patches or plaques in the oral cavity, which consist of
fungal elements, dead epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells. It is a complication of immunosuppression or systemic disease:
This statement is true. Thrush is commonly seen in
individuals who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer
patients undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals on long-term corticosteroid
therapy. It can affect neonates in an epidemic fashion: This
statement is true. Thrush can indeed affect neonates,
particularly those born to mothers with vaginal candidiasis, and outbreaks
can occur in neonatal intensive care units.
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Dental Materials
Retarders in gypsum-based materials slow down the setting reaction by forming an adsorbed layer on hemihydrates, allowing more time for manipulation and placement before the material sets.
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EndodonticsTrephination is the surgical procedure of cutting a window in bone to drain an abscess. This provides external drainage when intraoral drainage through the root canal is insufficient.