MDS PREP
Waste water from kitchen is
1) Sullage
2) Sewage
3) Garbage
4) Kitchen water
Community Dentistry
Answer: 1
"Sullage" refers specifically to the waste water generated from sinks, baths, and kitchens that does not contain human waste. "Sewage" includes waste that may contain pathogens and is typically discharged from toilets. Thus, kitchen waste water is more accurately described as sullage.
Clinical wastes in hospitals are to be disposed in which colour bags
1) Yellow
2) Black
3) Green
4) Red
Community Dentistry
Answer: 1
1) Yellow: This is often used for isolation wastes, such as those from
patients with a communicable disease or from the isolation ward. It may also be
used for trace chemotherapy waste.
2) Black: Typically used for non-infectious waste that is not recyclable, such
as general waste from hospital areas not directly involved in patient care.
3) Green: This is commonly used for anatomical waste, which includes human
tissues, organs, body parts, and animal carcasses used in research or treatment.
4) Red: As mentioned, is used for infectious or biohazardous waste that poses a
risk of infection or disease transmission.
COLOR CODING FOR HOSPITAL WASTE
Color
Waste type
Examples
Yellow
Infectious clinical waste
Body fluids, medicines,
clinical lab waste, and pharmaceutical waste
Red
Contaminated waste
Disposable items like
catheters, syringes, and urine bags
White or translucent
Sharps waste
Needles, scalpels, and blades
Blue
Medical glassware waste
Broken, discarded, and
contaminated glass
Purple
Cytotoxic and cytostatic
waste
Materials contaminated with
cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs
Yellow and black/tiger stripe
Offensive/hygiene waste
Nappies, sanitary waste, and
colostomy bags
Most common aetiology of oral cancer in India is
1) Alcohol
2) Tobacco products
3) Syphilis
4) All of the above
Community Dentistry
Answer: 2
The most common aetiology of oral cancer in India is tobacco products (Answer: 2). The high prevalence of tobacco use, particularly in the form of betel quid with tobacco, paan masala, and other smokeless tobacco products, significantly increases the risk of developing oral cancer.
The usual metabolic pathway of ingested fluoride involves urinary excretion primarily with the remaining portion found largely in
1) Teeth
2) Muscle
3) Skeletal tissues
4) Liver
Community Dentistry
Answer: 3
Fluoride is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout the body. A significant portion of ingested fluoride is excreted through urine. However, fluoride also accumulates in skeletal tissues, including bones and teeth, where it can contribute to the mineralization process and enhance resistance to dental caries. The skeletal system retains fluoride, which can be beneficial in small amounts but may lead to toxicity if excessive.
The OHI-S index developed by Green and Vermillion is used to measure
1) Dental caries
2) Gingivitis
3) Oral debris and calculus
4) Periodontal disease
Community Dentistry
Answer: 3
The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) is a clinical index developed to assess oral hygiene status by measuring the amount of oral debris and calculus present on the teeth. It provides a simple and effective way to evaluate the cleanliness of the mouth and is widely used in dental research and practice.
Which of the following teeth are application for simplified oral hygiene index
1) Lingual surface of 36, 46 and facial surface of 11, 16, 26, 31
2) Lingual surface of 31, 36, 46 and facial surface of 11, 16, 26, 31
3) Lingual surface of 11, 31 and facial surface of 16, 26, 36,46
4) None of the above
Community Dentistry
Answer: 1
The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) is a tool used to assess oral hygiene status by evaluating specific tooth surfaces. The teeth mentioned in option 1 include the lingual surfaces of the lower first molars (36, 46) and the facial surfaces of the upper incisors and canines (11, 16, 26, 31). These surfaces are typically assessed because they are representative of overall oral hygiene and are commonly affected by plaque accumulation.
PMA is a symbol for a
1) Pulp capping material
2) Caries index
3) Periodontal index
4) Materia alba index
Community Dentistry
Answer: 3
PMA stands for "Periodontal Disease Index," which is used to assess the periodontal health of individuals. It evaluates the presence and severity of periodontal disease by measuring clinical parameters such as probing depth and attachment loss. The other options do not correspond to the PMA acronym.
Standard deviation is a measure of
1) Central tendency
2) Variability
3) Correlation
4) All of the above
Community Dentistry
Answer: 2
Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. It is not a measure of central tendency or correlation.