MDS PREP
The primary mandibular central incisors usually erupt at
1. 6-8 months
2. 2 years
3. 10 - 13 months
4. 52 - 72 weeks
Dental Anatomy
Answer: 1
The primary mandibular central incisors usually erupt at 6-8 months
Zygomaticotemporal nerve is a branch
1. Maxillary nerve
2. Facial nerve
3. Mandibular nerve
4. Nasociliary nerve
Anatomy
Answer: 1
Branches of Maxillary nerve are
1. Middle meningeal n.
2. zygomatic n. : zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal
3.pterygopatine branches : orbital, post. sup. lat. nasal , medial septal, greater palatine, middle palatine , post. palatine
4. post. sup alveolar
5. Infraorbital
middle sup. alveolar
anterior sup. alveolar
6. Terminal
lat. nasal
inf. palpebral
sup. labialis
A mandibular primate space is usually found in the primary dentition between
1. first and second molars
2. central and lateral incisors
3. lateral incisor and canine
4. canine and first molar
Dental Anatomy
Answer: 4
A mandibular primate space is usually found in the primary dentition between canine and first molar
The largest resting membrane potential is observed in
1. skeletal muscle
2. smooth muscle
3. equal in both
4. -120 mv in resting smooth muscle
Anatomy
Answer: 1
The largest resting membrane potential is observed in skeletal muscle.
Resting membrane potential (RMP) is the electrical potential difference across
the membrane of a cell when it is not undergoing an action potential or a
similar excitation. It is crucial for the functioning of excitable cells, such
as neurons and muscle cells, as it is the basis for the transmission of
electrical signals. The RMP is primarily determined by the concentration
gradients of ions across the cell membrane and the permeability of the membrane
to those ions.
In skeletal muscle cells, the resting membrane potential is typically around -90
millivolts (mV). This relatively high negative value is due to the higher
concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside the cell compared to the outside,
and the lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+) inside the cell compared to the
outside. The cell membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+ at rest, which
allows K+ to leak out through potassium channels and sets up the resting
membrane potential.
Smooth muscle cells, on the other hand, have a resting membrane potential that
is generally less negative than that of skeletal muscle cells. The typical RMP
in smooth muscle cells ranges from -40 to -70 mV, which is closer to the
threshold for depolarization and makes these cells more responsive to stimuli
that could cause contraction. The difference in RMP between smooth and skeletal
muscle is due to variations in ion channel expression and the activity of ion
pumps, which control the ionic composition of the intracellular and
extracellular environments.
To summarize:
1. Skeletal muscle cells have a resting membrane potential of approximately -90
mV.
2. Smooth muscle cells have a resting membrane potential that is generally more
positive than skeletal muscle cells, typically ranging from -40 to -70 mV.
Which of the following muscles has two separate functions in mandibular
movement
1) Masseter
2) Geniohyoid
3) External(lateral)pterygoid
4) Buccinator
Anatomy Answer: 3
The external (lateral) pterygoid muscle has two primary functions: it assists in depressing the mandible (opening the mouth) and in moving the mandible forward (protrusion). This dual function distinguishes it from other muscles of mastication, which primarily elevate the mandible.
The artery chiefly responsible for blood supply to the mandible is 1. inferior alveolar artery 2.sphenomandibular artery 3. mylohyoid artery 4.stylomandibular artery
Anatomy Answer: 1The artery chiefly responsible for blood supply to the mandible is inferior alveolar artery
9 months of age, is the usual eruption time for
1. primary mandibular canines
2. primary maxillary canines
3. primary maxillary first molars
4. primary lower lateral incisors
Dental Anatomy
Answer: 4
9 months of age, is the usual eruption time for primary lower lateral incis
The secretory product of odontoblasts is:
1) Topocollagen.
2) Calcium salts.
3) Mantle dentin.
4) Hydroxyapatite
Dental Anatomy
Answer: 3
Dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin by odontoblasts of mesenchymal origin
located at the periphery of the dental pulp
Dentinogenesis is initiated by the inductive influence of the enamel organ
involving molecular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Runx-2, and TGF-?. In the
molar tooth, dentinogenesis starts at the late bell stage, and occurs in the
crown as well as root regions.
Predentin, the first organic matrix secreted by odontoblasts, is composed by
proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagens.