MDS PREP
A medication that may elicit headache as a side effect :
1) thiazide
2) Methyldopa
3) hydralazine
4) Procainamide
Pharmacology Answer: 3
A number of medications may elicit headache as a side effect.
Common offenders include nitroglycerin, hydralazine, calcium-channel blockers, digitalis, and estrogen.
Recreational drugs such as nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and amphetamines can also induce headache.
Which of the following has a uricosuric action:
1) Allopurinol
2) Losartan
3) Ramipril
4) Atenolol
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Losartan has a uricosuric action in addition to being an angiotensin receptor blocker.
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor which reduces the synthesis of uric acid.
The most potent narcotic analgesic is
1) Morphine
2) Pethidine
3) Methadone
4) Pentazocine
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic The other major synthetic narcotic is meperidine (Demerol). Narcotic analgesics derived from opium are morphine, heroin (diacetylmorphine), and codeine.
Which of the following drugs have a narrow therapeutic index?
1) Lithium
2) Diazepam
3) Penicillin
4) Desipramine
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Other drugs with narrow therapeutic index:
Digoxin Gentamicin Amphotericin B Levothyroxine Prazosin Theophylline Quinidine Warfarin Valproic acid
Chelating agent contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning
1) Penicillamine
2) Des ferroxamine
3) EDTA
4) BAL
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Dimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL)
1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy.
2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning.
3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month.
It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.
One of the side-effects of prilocaine is
1) Gastric bleeding
2) Porphyria
3) Photophobia
4) Methemoglobinemia
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which the iron within hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, resulting in the inability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Clinically, this condition causes cyanosis, often posing a diagnostic dilemma
usually results from exposure to oxidizing substances (such as nitrates or nitrites, aniline dyes, or medications, including lidocaine, prilocaine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium], and others)
Which of the following is not a loop diuretic:
1) Fruesmide
2) Torsemide
3) Ethacrynic acid
4) Chlorthalidone
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Chlorthalidone (Thiazide like diuretic)
The drug of choice for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is?
1 Carbimazole
2 Iodine therapy
3 Propylthiouracil
4 Metimazole
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Thyroid inhibitors
a) Inhibit hormone synthesis (anti thyroid drugs): Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Carbimazole
b) Inhibit iodine trapping (ionic inhibitors): Thiocyanates, Perchlorates, Nitrates.
c) Inhibit hormone release: Iodine, NaI, Kl
d) Destroy thyroid tissue: Radioactive iodine