MDS PREP
The neuromuscular blocker that does not need reversal of action by neostigmine at the end of the operation is :
1) d–Tubocurarine
2) Doxacurium
3) Pipecuronium
4) Mivacurium
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Long acting non-depolarizing (competitive) NM blocking agents require reversal with neostigmine.
Mivacurium is the shortest acting NDMR. It does not require reversal due to its short duration of action.
Mivacurium can be used in day care surgery.
Local anaesthetic used as an antiarrhythmic agent is:
1) Bupivacaine
2) Lignocaine
3) Cocaine
4) Chlorprocaine
Pharmacology Answer: 2
It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and to perform nerve blocks
Dosage Of Local Anesthesia:
1) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 4.5mg/kg without a Vasoconstrictor
Without a Vasoconstrictor 300 mg (maximum dose)
2) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 7mg/kg with a Vasoconstrictor
With a Vasoconstrictor – 500 mg (maximum dose)
3) As 1ml of 2% Lignocaine contains 20mg – Where the Maximum safety dose being 300 mg
So 15 ml of Drug can be given safely
4) 1:1,00,000 concentration means 1 part of Adrenaline is 1,00,000 parts of Solution
Safety Dose of Adrenaline for Dental Use in normal patients is 0.2 mg – which means 20 ml of LA can be given to normal patients containing Adrenaline
For cardiac Patients the safety dose of Adrenaline is 0.04mg – Which means 4ml of LA can be given to Patients with cardiac problems containing Adrenaline
5) If the concentration of LA is 1:50,000 – 10 ml of LA can be given safely
Which of the following is used in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis in patients allergic to penicillin?
1) Ciprofloxacin
2) Teicoplanin
3) Meropenem
4) Chloramphenicol
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Treatment of meningococcal meningitis:
Drug of choice – Penicillin G
In case of penicillin resistance, third generation cephalosporins should be used ( Ceftriaxone / CefotaximeIn case of penicillin / cephalosporin allergy, Chloramphenicol is used
Dopamine is preferred in treatment of shock because of
1) Renal Vasodilatory effect
2) Increased Cardiac Output
3) Peripheral Vasoconstriction
4) Prolonged action
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Dopamine as a first line of drug in patients with shock
Dopamine in low doses can dilate renal vasculature therefore maintaining glomerular filtration.
Activates adenylate cyclase - cAMP – relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
Metronidazole is a treatment of choice for :
1) Salmonellosis
2) Ulcerative colitis
3) hookworm parasitic infection
4) Pseudomembranous colitis
Pharmacology Answer: 4
metronidazole 250 mg po qid for 7 to 10 days is the treatment of choice.
Oral vancomycin 125 mg qid is reserved for the most severe or resistant cases
The antimicrobials most widely regarded as optimal for the treatment of salmonellosis in adults is the group of fluoroquinolones.
Ethohepatazine is a chemical derivative of
1. codeine
2. morphine
3. meperidine
4. papaverine
Pharmacology
Answer: 3
Ethohepatazine is a chemical derivative of meperidine
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of
1. tetracycline
2. penicillin
3. bacitracin
4. streptomycin
Pharmacology
Answer: 4
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of streptomycin
Following drug interact with cefotaxime?
1) Digoxin
2) Paracetamol
3) Loop diuretics
4) Nifedipine
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins is accentuated by concurrent administration of loop diuretics.