MDS PREP
Morphine withdrawal is characterized by all except
1) Miosis
2) Yawning
3) Lacrimation
4) Diarrhea
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Withdrawal of morphine is associated with marked drug-seeking behavior.
Physical manifestations of abstinence are - lacrimation, sweating, yawning, anxiety, fear, restlessness, gooseflesh, mydriasis, tremor, insomnia, abdominal colic, diarrhea, dehydration, rise in BP, palpitation and rapid weight loss.
Delirium and convulsions are not a characteristic feature (contrast barbiturates) and are seen only occasionally.
Cardi-ovascular collapse and fatality are rare if supportive measures are instituted.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the phase III clinical trial of a drug?
1) It is intended to determine drug efficacy and toxicity on a large number of patients
2) It is performed only on primates
3) It is performed with only a few volunteer subjects
4) It is primarily intended to determine the LD50 of a drug
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Phase III studies are randomized controlled multicenter trials on large patient groups (300–3,000 or more depending upon the disease/medical condition studied) and are aimed at being the definitive assessment of how effective the drug is, in comparison with current 'gold standard' treatment.
The most potent narcotic analgesic is
1) Morphine
2) Pethidine
3) Methadone
4) Pentazocine
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic The other major synthetic narcotic is meperidine (Demerol). Narcotic analgesics derived from opium are morphine, heroin (diacetylmorphine), and codeine.
Syncope may be treated with any of the following drug except
1) Phenylephrine
2) Oxygen
3) Ephedrine
4) Isoproterenol
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Isoproterenol is used in the management of bronchospasm during anesthesia;
adjunctive treatment for shock.
MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in a patient taking?
1) Pethidine
2) Buprenorphine
3) Morphine
4) Pentazocine
Pharmacology Answer: 1
first choice pethidine
Use of MAO inhibitors in patient taking pethidine / pentazocine can precipitate serotonin syndrome.
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of
1. tetracycline
2. penicillin
3. bacitracin
4. streptomycin
Pharmacology
Answer: 4
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of streptomycin
A Class III antiarrhythmic agent that blocks K+ channels, prolongs action potential duration , and lengthens QT interval.
1) propranolol
2) acebutolol
3) sotalol
4) esmolol
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Sotalol is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that blocks K+ channels, prolongs action potential duration (APD), and lengthens QT interval.
Noncardiac selective beta-adrenergic blocker.
The D-isomer has less than 1/50 beta-blocking activity of the L-isomer.
Sotalol possesses 30% of beta-blocking activity of propranolol
Current evidence indicates that endorphins are
1. endogenous molecules having morphine like properties
2. receptors located in the periaqueductal grey area of the brain Which are sensitive to opiates
3. large polypeptides that regulate renal activity
4. central nervous system transmitters implicated in depressive psychoses
Pharmacology
Answer: 1
endorphins are endogenous molecules having morphine like properties