MDS PREP
Which of the following is used to decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B?
1) Dose reduction
2) Liposomal delivery systems
3) Supplementing glucose
4) Giving it along with flucytosine
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Liposomal delivery systems decrease the amount of free drug in the blood Infected cells interact with the liposomes, resulting in the release of amphotericin B at the site of action.
Drug class causing free water clearance:
a) Diuretic
b) Saluretic
c) Uricosuric
d) Aquaretic
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Vasopressin antagonists like tolvaptan are aquaretics
Which receptors are implicated in anti emetic effects:
1) D2
2) V2
3) MU2
4) GABA
Pharmacology Answer: 2
CTZ rich in D2 and 5HT receptors
Drugs mostly cross biological membranes by
1) Passive diffusion
2) Active diffusion
3) Active transport
4) Carrier mediated transport
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Passive diffusion: The movement of drug across a membrane in a manner driven solely by the concentration gradient. In passive diffusion, drug moves from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration.
Which of the following agents is used for the treatment of Thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy?
1) Filgrastim
2) Sargramostim
3) Oprelvekin
4) Erythropoietin
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Oprelvekin (Interleukin 11) is the only agent approved by the FDA for treatment of thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
Filgrastim (G-CSF) and Sargramostim (GM-SCF) are used in the treatment of neutropenia
Erythropoietin is used in treatment of anemia
Which drug is most effective in reducing mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction ?
1) Enalapril
2) Aspirin
3) Digoxin
4) Frusemide
Pharmacology Answer: 1
ACE inhibition has a beneficial impact on survival rates, functional status, and hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
In the renin-angiotensin system, a fall in perfusion pressure stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney to release the enzyme renin.
Renin cleaves the decapeptide angiotensin I from angiotensinogen, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver.
The octapeptide angiotensin II is formed by the action of ACE on angiotensin I.
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone and norepinephrine.
Which of the following is used in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis in patients allergic to penicillin?
1) Ciprofloxacin
2) Teicoplanin
3) Meropenem
4) Chloramphenicol
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Treatment of meningococcal meningitis:
Drug of choice – Penicillin G
In case of penicillin resistance, third generation cephalosporins should be used ( Ceftriaxone / CefotaximeIn case of penicillin / cephalosporin allergy, Chloramphenicol is used
Ethohepatazine is a chemical derivative of
1. codeine
2. morphine
3. meperidine
4. papaverine
Pharmacology
Answer: 3
Ethohepatazine is a chemical derivative of meperidine