MDS PREP
The main stimulation for production of A.D.H. is
1. Increase in plasma potassium.
2. Decrease in blood volume
3. Increase in extracellular fluid
4. Decrease inextracellularosmotic pressure
Physiology
Answer: 2
The main stimulation for production of A.D.H. is Decrease in blood volume
- A.D.H. secretion increases during osmotic diuresis
What is the significance of the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion?
1) It is responsible for the majority of acid secretion
2) It is primarily responsible for the inhibition of acid secretion
3) It is only triggered by the thought of food
4) It is not a significant phase of gastric acid secretion
Physiology
Answer: 2
The intestinal phase plays a minor role in stimulating gastric secretion. However, it is crucial for inhibiting gastric secretion and motility once food enters the duodenum. Factors such as acidity, fatty acids, and osmolality of the duodenal contents trigger the release of hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin, which in turn inhibit gastric acid secretion.
What is the primary mechanism by which acid secretion is regulated in the stomach?
1) By the pH of the stomach content
2) By the amount of food present
3) By the time of day
4) By the type of food consumed
The primary mechanism by which acid secretion is regulated in the stomach is by the pH of the stomach content, which influences gastric secretions.
Which of the following hormones is not a member of the gastrin family?
1) Cholecystokinin
2) Secretin
3) Gastrin
4) GIP
E) VIP
The gastrin family includes gastrin, cholecystokinin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Secretin belongs to the secretin family, which includes secretin, glucagon, and VIP. These two families are structurally similar but have distinct functions in the regulation of digestive processes.
How does the skin color change in light-skinned patients with high serum bilirubin levels?
1) The skin turns yellow.
2) The skin turns green.
3) The skin turns blue.
4) The skin turns red.
In light-skinned patients with high serum bilirubin levels, the skin turns yellow due to the deposition of bilirubin.
What is the primary role of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
1) Suppression of FSH secretion
2) Stimulation of follicular development
3) Preparation of the endometrium for implantation
4) Induction of the LH surge
Physiology
Answer: 2
Estrogen, primarily secreted by the developing follicles in the ovary, stimulates the growth and maturation of the endometrium during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. It prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
The glomerular filtration barrier consists of:
1) Endothelial cells
2) Basement membrane
3) Podocytes
4) All of the above
The glomerular filtration barrier is a three-layered structure composed of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule). These layers work together to filter blood, allowing small molecules to pass into the nephron while retaining larger ones.
Which of the following is NOT an action of bile salts?
1) Emulsification of fat
2) Facilitation of fat absorption
3) Neutralization of stomach acid
4) Conjugation of bile acids
Neutralization of stomach acid is NOT an action of bile salts; bile salts primarily emulsify fats and facilitate fat absorption.