MDS PREP
Trigeminal neuralgia
1. Does not disturb the patient during sleep
2. Can be treated with NSAIDs
3. Always bilateral in distribution
4. Is a hereditary condition
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Trigeminal neuralgia does not disturb the patient during sleep.
Bence Jones proteins are seen in
1. Uraemia
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Polycythaemia vera
4. Mediterranean anaemia
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Bence Jones proteins are seen in multiple myeloma, not polycythemia vera.
Hereditary spherocytosis is due to deficiency -
1) Spectrin
2) Invertin
3) Cytokeratin
4) All of the above
General Pathology
Answer: 1
Hereditary spherocytosis is primarily due to a deficiency of spectrin, a protein that helps maintain the integrity of the red blood cell membrane.
When kVp is changed from 70 to 80 kVp the energy of photons produced
1. Decreased by 10 times
2. Increased two times
3. Increased by 10 percent
4. Remains constant
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Changing kVp from 70 to 80 increases the energy of photons produced significantly.
The substance most commonly used for protection against X-ray radiations is
1. Zinc
2. Steel
3. Lead
4. Porcelain
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Lead is the most commonly used substance for protection against X-ray radiation.
The following protein defects can cause hereditary spherocytosis except -
1) Ankyrin
2) Palladin
3) Glycophorin C
4) Anion transport protein
General Pathology
Answer: 3
Glycophorin C is not associated with hereditary spherocytosis; it is a sialoglycoprotein found in the red blood cell membrane, while ankyrin, palladin, and anion transport protein are involved in the structural integrity of the membrane.
Nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony is a characteristic feature of:
1. Megaloblastic anemia
2 Fe deficiency anemia
3. Erythroblastosis fetails
4. all of the above
Pathology
Answer: 1
Nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony refers to a condition where the nucleus and
cytoplasm of a cell do not develop at the same rate. This can occur in various
forms of anemia and other pathological conditions. Here's a detailed explanation
of the concept and its relevance to the options provided:
1. Megaloblastic Anemia: Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized
by the presence of large, immature, nucleated red blood cells (megaloblasts) in
the bone marrow and peripheral blood. This condition is primarily caused by a
deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which are essential for DNA synthesis
during cell division. The nucleus of the cells divides more slowly than the
cytoplasm, leading to an asynchronous development and the formation of large,
abnormal cells. In megaloblastic anemia, the nucleus is often large and
hyperchromatic (darkly stained), while the cytoplasm is relatively less
developed and pale. Therefore, this option is the most appropriate answer.
2. Fe Deficiency Anemia: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of
anemia worldwide, resulting from a lack of iron in the body. Iron is a critical
component of hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood
cells. In this condition, the body produces smaller than normal red blood cells
(microcytic) that lack hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen transport. The
nucleus and cytoplasm of the erythrocytes are typically smaller than normal, and
there is no significant asynchrony in their development. Hence, this option is
not a characteristic feature of nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony.
3. Erythroblastosis Fetalis: This is a condition that occurs when an Rh-negative
mother has an Rh-positive fetus. The mother's immune system produces antibodies
against the fetal red blood cells, leading to their destruction. This causes
anemia in the newborn. However, erythroblastosis fetalis is not typically
associated with nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony. The anemia is a result of
hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) rather than an intrinsic defect in
the development of the cells themselves. Thus, this option is not the correct
answer for this characteristic feature.
correct answer is:
1. Megaloblastic anemia
This is because megaloblastic anemia is the condition where nuclear cytoplasmic
asynchrony is a hallmark feature due to the disproportionate growth of the
nucleus and cytoplasm in red blood cell precursors, resulting from vitamin B12
or folic acid deficiencies affecting DNA synthesis.
Hairy tongue is characterised by hypertrophy of which of the following papillae
1. Foliate
2. Filiform
3. Fungiform
4. Circumvallate
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Hairy tongue is characterized by the hypertrophy of filiform papillae on the tongue, leading to a dark, hairy appearance.