MDS PREP
What is the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and the appearance of sclera icterus?
1) Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are below 51 ?mol/L (3.0 mg/dL).
2) Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are at least 51 ?mol/L (3.0 mg/dL).
3) Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are above 100 ?mol/L (6.0 mg/dL).
4) Sclera icterus is not related to serum bilirubin levels.
Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are at least 51 ?mol/L (3.0 mg/dL), indicating jaundice.
Norepinephrine is stored at the
1. Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
2. Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
3. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
4. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
Physiology
Answer: 2
Norepinephrine is stored at the Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
What hormone is secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production?
1) Renin
2) Erythropoietin
3) Aldosterone
4) Cortisol
Erythropoietin is the hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.
What is the effect of muscarinic stimulation on the pupil of the eye?
1) Dilation (mydriasis)
2) Constriction (miosis)
3) No effect on pupil size
4) Paralysis of the pupil
The pupillary light reflex is under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system, which stimulates muscarinic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle. This leads to pupil constriction (miosis) in response to light, as part of the body's attempt to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
What is the role of the acrosome in sperm?
1) Provides energy for sperm motility
2) Contains enzymes that help in the penetration of the ovum
3) Protects the sperm DNA
4) Involved in the fertilization process by fusing with the egg membrane
Physiology
Answer: 2
The acrosome is a cap-like structure located on the head of a spermatozoon. It contains lysosome-like organelles rich in enzymes that are essential for penetrating the egg's outer layers during fertilization.
An increase of the pressure within one of the carotid sinuses would result in an increase in
1) Mean arterial pressure
2) Cardiac output
3) The activity of the pressor center
4) The activity of cardiac vagal fibers
Physiology
Answer: 4
An increase of the pressure within one of the carotid sinuses would result in an increase in The activity of cardiac vagal fibers
What is the function of the enteric nervous system?
1) Controls the heart rate and rhythm
2) Regulates the contraction of skeletal muscles
3) Regulates the function of the gastrointestinal tract
4) Controls the pupillary response to light
The enteric nervous system is the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract and is responsible for the regulation of digestion and other gastrointestinal functions. It can operate independently of the central nervous system and consists of a network of neurons and glial cells that are embedded within the wall of the gut, coordinating local reflexes and influencing the muscle and secretory activities of the digestive system.
What is the primary effect of parathyroid hormone on serum calcium levels during pregnancy?
1) Decreases serum calcium levels
2) Increases serum calcium levels by mobilizing calcium from maternal bones
3) Has no effect on serum calcium levels
4) Increases serum calcium levels by enhancing calcium absorption in the gut
Answer: 2) The primary effect of parathyroid hormone during pregnancy is to increase serum calcium levels by mobilizing calcium from maternal bones for fetal use.