MDS PREP
What is the correct sequence of the stages of deglutition?
1) Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
2) Pharyngeal, esophageal, gastric
3) Voluntary, esophageal, pharyngeal
4) Gastric, pharyngeal, esophageal
E) Voluntary, gastric, pharyngeal
Deglutition begins with the voluntary stage, where food is moved into the pharynx. This is followed by the pharyngeal stage, an involuntary process that includes closure of the glottis and opening of the esophagus. Finally, the esophageal stage is an involuntary process where food is propelled into the stomach through peristaltic movements.
What is the function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?
1) Stimulates the release of bile from the liver
2) Increases the secretion of water in the collecting tubules of the kidney
3) Relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter
4) Decreases the motility of the small intestine
Physiology
Answer: 3
Cholecystokinin is a hormone secreted by the mucosa of the upper intestine in response to the presence of food, particularly proteins and fats. One of its key functions is to stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder and relax the sphincter of Oddi, facilitating the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum to aid in digestion.
What is the role of gastrin in the gastric phase of acid secretion?
1) It is released by the pancreas and stimulates acid secretion in the stomach
2) It is released by the duodenum and inhibits acid secretion
3) It is released by the stomach and stimulates acid secretion in response to food
4) It has no role in gastric acid secretion
Gastrin is released by the stomach and stimulates acid secretion in response to food, playing a key role in the gastric phase of digestion.
Norepinephrine is stored at the
1. Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
2. Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
3. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
4. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
Physiology
Answer: 2
Norepinephrine is stored at the Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings
What is the condition characterized by the lack of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 malabsorption?
1) Pernicious anemia
2) Celiac disease
3) Lactose intolerance
4) Crohn's disease
Pernicious anemia is characterized by the lack of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 malabsorption and subsequent anemia.
What is the primary function of the vestibulospinal tract?
1) Control of posture and balance
2) Control of fine motor skills
3) Control of respiration
4) Control of pupillary response
The vestibulospinal tract is a medial pathway that plays a critical role in maintaining posture and balance by coordinating the contraction of antigravity muscles in response to information from the vestibular system.
What is the primary function of Secretin?
1) Stimulating the release of insulin
2) Increasing bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas
3) Promoting gastrin release
4) Activating the secretion of pepsinogen in the stomach
The primary function of Secretin is to increase bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas, helping to neutralize gastric acid in the duodenum.
What type of aphasia results from a lesion in Broca’s area?
1) Sensory aphasia
2) Motor aphasia
3) Global aphasia
4) Conduction aphasia
E. Wernicke’s aphasia
A lesion in Broca's area leads to motor aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia or expressive aphasia. This type of aphasia is characterized by difficulty in producing speech, particularly with grammatical errors and reduced vocabulary. Understanding of language is usually preserved, but the ability to form coherent sentences is impaired.