MDS PREP
What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol induces lipid peroxidation in the liver?
1) Through the production of acetaldehyde
2) By increasing microsomal ethanol oxidizing activity
3) Through the generation of reactive oxygen species
4) By inhibiting antioxidant enzymes
Alcohol induces lipid peroxidation primarily by generating reactive oxygen species during its metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. These free radicals can damage cell membranes and organelles.
Which autoantibody is most specific for the diagnosis of SLE?
1) Anti-double stranded DNA
2) Anti-Smith antigen
3) Anti-nuclear antibody
4) Anti-RNP antibody
Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 20-30% of patients. While antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies are also associated with SLE, they are less specific as they can also be present in other conditions.
What is the most common symptom associated with H. pylori infection?
1) Abdominal pain
2) Nausea and vomiting
3) Diarrhea
4) Fatigue
While H. pylori infection can cause various symptoms, the most common is abdominal pain, often related to peptic ulcer disease.
What is the typical clinical presentation of acute alcoholic hepatitis?
1) Asymptomatic, with mild transaminitis
2) Fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain
3) Diarrhea and vomiting
4) Generalized edema
Acute alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.
CPR should have a ratio of chest compression to mouth breathing of
1) 1:4
2) 4:1
3) 2:3
4) 3:2
General Medicine
Answer: 2
CPR should have a ratio of chest compression to mouth breathing of 4:1
Which of the following is NOT a function of fibrinogen?
1) Formation of a fibrin clot
2) Transport of fatty acids
3) Binding to platelet glycoprotein receptors
4) Maintenance of osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen is the precursor of fibrin, which is essential for clot formation. It does not have a role in the transport of fatty acids. Its main functions include stabilization of the platelet plug and serving as a substrate for thrombin to generate fibrin.
What is the primary function of alpha-2-macroglobulin in the body?
1) Inhibition of serum proteases
2) Osmotic regulation
3) Transport of copper
4) Blood clot dissolution
Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a plasma protein that functions as an inhibitor of serum proteases, including thrombin and other proteolytic enzymes. It is involved in the regulation of extracellular proteolytic activity and the prevention of tissue damage.
A 45-year-old male presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, and malaise after consuming a large meal at a buffet. His stool is watery and non-bloody. His blood pressure is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Peptic ulcer
2) Gallstones
3) Pancreatitis
4) Clostridium perfringens food poisoning
The rapid onset of symptoms after a large meal at a buffet, along with the presence of severe epigastric pain and watery diarrhea, suggests a gastrointestinal infection. Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of foodborne illness and typically presents within 8 to 16 hours of ingestion. The condition is usually self-limiting and improves with supportive care.