MDS PREP
A lowering of serum calcium is the stimulus for the endogenous release of
1. thyroid hormone
2. adrenocortical hormone
3. insulin
4. parathyroid hormone
Physiology Answer: 4
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are mainly controlled by a feedback loop of calcium levels in your blood to your parathyroid glands. In other words, low calcium levels in your blood stimulate parathyroid hormone release, whereas high calcium levels in your blood prevent your glands from releasing parathyroid hormone.
What is the primary function of the rubrospinal tract?
1) Control of distal muscle movement
2) Control of posture and balance
3) Control of autonomic functions
4) Control of respiration
The rubrospinal tract is a lateral pathway that originates in the red nucleus and is involved in the control of distal muscle movement, particularly in the control of fine motor movements of the limbs.
What sleep stage is characterized by beta-wave activity on EEG, dreaming, and generalized muscular atonia?
1) Stage 1 NREM
2) Stage 2 NREM
3) REM sleep
4) Stage 3 NREM
REM sleep is characterized by beta-wave activity, dreaming, and muscular atonia, which is a state of almost complete paralysis except for the muscles controlling eye movement, respiration, and other involuntary processes.
MCQ: Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of the corpus luteum and the secretion of progesterone?
1) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3) Estrogen
4) Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the development of the corpus luteum and the secretion of progesterone, which is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining.
The physiological capacity of the bladder, at which micturition is normally effected, ranges between:
1) 150 ml - 250 ml
2) 250 ml - 450 ml
3) 450 ml - 750 ml
4) 750 ml - 1000 ml
The physiological capacity of the bladder is the maximum intravesical volume tolerated without undue discomfort. It is usually between 250 and 450 ml. The bladder can stretch to hold more urine, but this is considered beyond the normal physiological capacity and can cause discomfort.
What are the two major functions of GH?
1) Stimulation of growth hormone-dependent lipolysis and glycogenolysis
2) Stimulation of gluconeogenesis and growth of the skeletal system
3) Stimulation of cortisol synthesis and thyroid hormone release
4) Regulation of insulin secretion and cardiovascular function
Answer: 2) The two major functions of GH are the growth of the skeletal system and metabolic effects, including gluconeogenesis.
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic control of the eye?
1) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
2) Facial nerve (CN VII)
3) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
4) Vagus nerve (CN X)
The vagus nerve is involved in the parasympathetic control of various visceral organs, but not the eye. The oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle for pupil constriction and accommodation, which are parasympathetic functions.
Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the kidneys?
1) Renin
2) Erythropoietin
3) Aldosterone
4) 1,25 Dihydrocholecalciferol
Aldosterone is NOT a hormone produced by the kidneys; it is produced by the adrenal glands and acts on the kidneys to regulate sodium and potassium balance.