MDS PREP
Which of the following tumors is most aggressive
1) Myxoma
2) Cementoblastoma
3) Ameloblastic fibroma
4) Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Myxoma is the most aggressive tumor among the options listed. It is a rare,
benign, but locally aggressive neoplasm that can occur in various anatomic
locations, particularly in the heart and skin. Myxomas are known for their
ability to invade surrounding tissue and cause significant damage to the organ
in which they are found.
Here is a brief description of each tumor type:
1) Myxoma: As mentioned earlier, these are rare but locally
aggressive tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues. They are
typically soft and gelatinous in consistency. When myxomas occur in the heart,
they can obstruct blood flow and cause severe complications.
2) Cementoblastoma: This is a rare, benign tumor that arises
from the periodontal ligament cells that are responsible for producing cementum,
which is the bone-like tissue that anchors teeth in the jaw. Cementoblastomas
are generally slow-growing and less aggressive compared to myxomas.
3) Ameloblastic fibroma: This is a benign, non-invasive tumor
that occurs in the jaw, typically in younger patients. It is composed of both
odontogenic epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, which are involved in tooth
development. These tumors can cause expansion of the bone but are not as
aggressive as myxomas.
4) Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: This is a mixed odontogenic
tumor, which means it is composed of both dental epithelial and mesenchymal
cells. It is usually benign and presents as a slowly growing, painless swelling
in the jaw. While it can cause bone expansion, it is less aggressive and
typically does not invade surrounding tissues like a myxoma.
Blue sclera are present in
1. Marfan"s syndrome
2. Cherubism
3. Osteogenesis imperfecta
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Blue sclera are present in osteogenesis imperfecta.
Hairy tongue is characterised by hypertrophy of which of the following papillae
1. Foliate
2. Filiform
3. Fungiform
4. Circumvallate
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Hairy tongue is characterized by the hypertrophy of filiform papillae on the tongue, leading to a dark, hairy appearance.
The basis of adjuvant therapy in surgery followed by chemotherapy is:
1. To make chemical agents reach centre of tumour
2. Anticancer drugs are not effective against bigger tumour therefore its size is reduced by surgery
3. Debulking the tumour by surgery makes the tumour cells re-enter the cell cycle and thus become susceptible to drug therapy
4. None of the above
Pathology
Answer: 3
Debulking the tumor by surgery makes the tumor cells re-enter the cell cycle and thus become susceptible to drug therapy: This statement is the most accurate. Surgical removal of a tumor (debulking) can indeed lead to the release of tumor cells into the circulation and may also alter the tumor microenvironment. This can make residual tumor cells more susceptible to chemotherapy, as they may re-enter the cell cycle and become more actively dividing, which is when many chemotherapy agents are most effective.
What is the effect of hyperparathyroidism on serum and urine calcium levels?
1) Both are decreased
2) Both are normal
3) Serum is elevated, urine is decreased
4) Both are elevated
In hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium levels are elevated due to increased bone resorption, and urine calcium levels are also elevated as the kidneys excrete the excess calcium.
When a shielded open cone is used the gonadal dose to a patient is mainly from
1. Leakage from tube
2. Primary X-ray tube
3. Scatters from patient"s face
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
The gonadal dose mainly comes from leakage from the tube when using a shielded open cone.
A 50-year-old obese man complains of several recent abscesses in the gingival with loosening of teeth. He also suffers from itching of skin and polyuria. The most probable aetiology is
1. Scurvy
2. Myxoedema
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. Vitamin A deficiency
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
The most probable etiology for the mans symptoms is Diabetes mellitus, given the signs of abscesses and polyuria.
Which of the following skin lesions are correctly matched with the
1. Erythema multiforme-Steven-Johnson syndrome
2. Recurrent apthous ulcer-Bechet"s syndrome
3. Lichen planus greenspan"s syndrome
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Erythema multiforme - Steven-Johnson syndrome: Erythema
multiforme is a condition that can progress to Steven-Johnson syndrome
(SJS), which is a severe form of the disease characterized by extensive
mucosal involvement and skin detachment.
Recurrent aphthous ulcer - Behçet's syndrome: Behçet's
syndrome is an inflammatory condition that can present with recurrent oral
ulcers, including aphthous-like lesions, along with other systemic
manifestations.
Lichen planus - Grinspan's syndrome: Grinspan's
syndrome refers to a variant of lichen planus that is associated with
diabetes mellitus and can present with oral lesions.