MDS PREP
Blue sclera are present in
1. Marfan"s syndrome
2. Cherubism
3. Osteogenesis imperfecta
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Blue sclera are present in osteogenesis imperfecta.
Tobacco usage has been associated with
1. Hyperkeratosis
2. Erythema
3. Ulceration
4. None of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is known to cause various oral lesions, including hyperkeratosis, which is a thickening of the outer layer of the skin or mucous membranes. This can manifest as leukoplakia or other forms of keratosis in the oral cavity. While tobacco can also lead to erythema and ulceration, hyperkeratosis is the most directly associated condition.
Gingiva is most commonly affected by deficiency of
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin B
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Gingiva is most commonly affected by a deficiency of Vitamin C.
Examples of oncofoetal antigen is/are:
1. á -fetoprotein
2. Carcinoembryonic antigen
3. A and B
4. None of the above
Pathology Answer: 3
Oncofoetal antigens are substances that are normally present in the
developing fetus but are found in abnormally high quantities in the tissues of
certain cancer cells. These antigens are proteins that can be used as markers
for the detection of certain types of cancers. The presence of these antigens in
cancer cells suggests that the tumor cells have partially reverted to a more
primitive, embryonic stage of development.
Explanation for each option:
1. á-Fetoprotein (AFP): This is an oncofoetal antigen. It is a glycoprotein that
is produced by the liver cells of the developing fetus. In adults, the
production of AFP is usually very low. However, in cases of certain cancers such
as hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) and some types of testicular
cancer, the tumor cells start producing AFP in large amounts. Therefore, high
levels of AFP in the blood can be indicative of these cancers.
2. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): CEA is another example of an oncofoetal
antigen. It is a glycoprotein that is present in the gastrointestinal tract,
pancreas, and sometimes in the respiratory and reproductive systems of a
developing fetus. In adults, CEA levels are typically very low. However, in
certain types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and some
forms of lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer, the tumor cells may start
producing large amounts of CEA, which can be detected in the blood and used as a
tumor marker for these malignancies.
3. A and B: Both α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen are examples of
oncofoetal antigens, so this option is correct.
All are features of Intravascular hemolysis except -
1) Thrombocytopenia
2) Hemosiderinuria
3) Decreased haptoglobin
4) Raised indirect bilirubin
General Pathology
Answer: 1
Thrombocytopenia is not a feature of intravascular hemolysis; it is more commonly associated with other conditions such as bone marrow disorders.
Initiator in developing solution is
1. Acetic acid
2. Sodium thiosulphate
3. Hydroquinone
4. Potassium bromide
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Hydroquinone is the initiator in developing solutions for photographic films.
What condition is typically characterized by a malar rash, arthritis, serositis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies?
1) Goodpasture's syndrome
2) Friedreich ataxia
3) Huntington's disease
4) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a malar rash, arthritis, serositis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies.
A 28-year-old man presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in his right testicle. On examination, the testicle is tender, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Testicular torsion
2) Epididymitis
3) Hydrocele
4) Inguinal hernia
Testicular torsion is the most likely diagnosis for sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the testicle.