MDS PREP
In a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following is NOT a common side effect of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy?
1) Oral thrush
2) Pneumonia
3) Osteoporosis
4) Tachycardia
Long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy is commonly used in COPD management to reduce inflammation and exacerbations. Common side effects include oral thrush, pneumonia due to immunocompromise, and osteoporosis due to steroid-induced bone loss. Tachycardia is not a typical side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
What is the genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1?
(1) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 13
(2) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
(3) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 22
(4) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
A 5 yr old pt is sheduled FOR tonsilectomy. On the day of Surgery he has running nose , temp= 37.5 degrees and dry cough. which of the following will b the most apt decision 4 Surgery
1. Surgery shud b cancelled
2. can proceed if chest is clesr n no h/o asthma
3. shud get chest x-ray done b4 proceeding 4 Surgery
4. cancel Surgery for 3 weeks n pt to b on antibiotics
Oral Medicine
Answer: 4
general anesthesia,specifically nitrous oxide is contraindicated if the child is running a common cold and having slight fever on the day of surgery
The drug of choice for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis is:
1) Rifampicin
2) Isoniazid
3) Streptomycin
4) Gentamicin
Rifampicin is a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. It has excellent penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid and is bactericidal. Isoniazid and ethambutol are also commonly used as part of a multi-drug regimen, but rifampicin is particularly important due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier effectively and its rapid bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What is the primary mechanism of action of amphotericin B in treating systemic fungal infections?
(1) Inhibition of fungal cell wall synthesis
(2) Inhibition of fungal DNA replication
(3) Inhibition of fungal protein synthesis
(4) Alteration of fungal membrane potential
Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent that works primarily by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, leading to increased permeability and cell death. It is effective against a wide range of fungi and is often used to treat severe systemic infections.
In Paget's disease of bone, which of the following is a characteristic finding in serum biochemistry?
(1) High serum alkaline phosphatase levels
(2) High serum calcium levels
(3) Low serum phosphorus levels
(4) High serum PTH levels
Paget's disease is characterized by excessive and abnormal bone remodeling, which results in increased bone turnover. This increased turnover is reflected in the serum by high levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone formation. While calcium and phosphorus levels may be affected in some cases, the hallmark biochemical abnormality in Paget's disease is elevated alkaline phosphatase.
What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
1) Hyperventilation
2) Metabolic acidosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Excessive ingestion of antacids
Respiratory alkalosis is most commonly caused by hyperventilation, which can occur due to anxiety, pain, fever, hypoxia, and certain neurological conditions.
A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is being evaluated for chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in chronic venous insufficiency?
(1) Varicose veins
(2) Pitting edema
(3) Ulcers on the medial malleolus
(4) All of the above
Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by a range of symptoms and physical findings, including varicose veins, pitting edema, and venous ulcers, particularly around the medial malleolus (ankle). These symptoms result from impaired venous return and increased venous pressure in the lower extremities.