MDS PREP
Sickle cell anemia is precipitated when:
1) Oxygen tension goes down
2) Increased viscosity of blood is there
3) There is dehydration
4) All of the above
Pathology Answer: 4
Sickle cell disease results from mutation, or change, of certain types of hemoglobin chains in red blood cells (the beta hemoglobin chains).
When the oxygen concentration in the blood is reduced, the red blood cell assumes the characteristic sickle shape. This causes the red blood cell to be stiff and rigid, and stops the smooth passage of the red blood cells through the narrow blood vessels.
Agranulocytosis may involve early lesions of the oral mucosa and the gingiva that are non-spcific but resemble
1. Erythematous stomatitis
2. Acute herpetic stomatitis
3. Necrotizing ulcerating gingivitis
4. Non specific vesiculobullous stomatitis
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Agranulocytosis may resemble necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
All of the following statements about an intraoral dental X-ray film are true except
1. It is composed of a cellulose acetate base coated with a silver bromide emulsion
2. It has a thin sheet of lead foil that lies in front of the film to prevent overexposure
3. It has an embossed dot on it which should be orientated towards the source of X-rays
4. It is exposed by the direct action of X-rays on the emulsion
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
The statement about the lead foil is incorrect; it lies behind the film to prevent backscatter.
Corticosteriods are used in all of the following oral conditions except
1. Erythema multiforme
2. Recurrent aphthous ulcer
3. Primary herpes
4. Herpes zoster
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Corticosteroids are not typically used for primary herpes infections.
Lession of facial nerve at level of stylomastoid foramen leads to
1. Loss of taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
2. Paralysis of orbicularis oculi muscle
3. Losss of innervation to stapedius
4. Loss of lacrimal secretion
Lesion of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen leads to paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
Which of the following complement component can be activated in both common as well as alternate pathways?
1) C1
2) C2
3) C3
4) C4
General Pathology Answer: 3C3 is the complement component that can be activated in both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.
Immune surveillance is an effective host defence against tumours because:
1. Tumour cells are of different shapes and sizes
2. Tumour cells have lost growth control
3. Tumour cells have genetic alterations which result in expression of nonself proteins
4. Immune surveillance is a hypothetical concept
Pathology
Answer: 3
Tumour cells have genetic alterations which result in expression of nonself proteins: This is the most accurate statement regarding immune surveillance. Tumor cells often undergo genetic mutations that lead to the expression of abnormal proteins (neoantigens) that are not present in normal cells. These nonself proteins can be recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response. This recognition is a key aspect of how immune surveillance functions effectively against tumors.
All of the following may occur in achondroplasia, except
1. Short and thickened muscular extremities
2. Dwarfism
3. The elbows often cannot be folded
4. Bowed legs and small hands
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
In achondroplasia, the elbows often cannot be folded is not true; they can be folded.