MDS PREP
What is the primary function of the neck in a sperm cell?
1) It connects the head and tail of the sperm
2) It produces the sperm's energy for movement
3) It is responsible for the fertilization process
4) It contains the cell's genetic material
The primary function of the neck in a sperm cell is to connect the head and tail of the sperm, facilitating movement and energy transfer.
MEAN CIRCULATING FILLING PRESSURE IS?
1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE AND CENTRAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE
2. MEAN ATRIAL PRESSURE
3. ARTERIALPRESSURE TAKEN JUST AT THE POINT WHEN HEART STOPS BEATING
4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE
Physiology
Answer: 3
Mean Circulating Filling Pressure (MCFP) is a concept used in cardiovascular physiology to describe the average pressure in the large veins and the right atrium when the heart is not actively pumping (i.e., during diastole or when the heart is stopped). It reflects the pressure that fills the heart and is influenced by the volume of blood in the circulatory system and the compliance of the vascular system.
What is the function of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
1) Reabsorption of water
2) Secretion of hydrogen ions
3) Reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
4) Reabsorption of urea
The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate, contributing to urine concentration.
The physiological capacity of the bladder, at which micturition is normally effected, ranges between:
1) 150 ml - 250 ml
2) 250 ml - 450 ml
3) 450 ml - 750 ml
4) 750 ml - 1000 ml
The physiological capacity of the bladder is the maximum intravesical volume tolerated without undue discomfort. It is usually between 250 and 450 ml. The bladder can stretch to hold more urine, but this is considered beyond the normal physiological capacity and can cause discomfort.
In which part of the nephron is bicarbonate primarily reabsorbed?
1) Loop of Henle
2) Distal convoluted tubule
3) Proximal convoluted tubule
4) Collecting duct
Bicarbonate is primarily reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.
What sleep stage is characterized by beta-wave activity on EEG, dreaming, and generalized muscular atonia?
1) Stage 1 NREM
2) Stage 2 NREM
3) REM sleep
4) Stage 3 NREM
REM sleep is characterized by beta-wave activity, dreaming, and muscular atonia, which is a state of almost complete paralysis except for the muscles controlling eye movement, respiration, and other involuntary processes.
The osmolarity of the tubular fluid in the medullary collecting duct is primarily controlled by which hormone?
1) Aldosterone
2) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
3) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
4) Renin
The osmolarity of the tubular fluid in the medullary collecting duct is primarily controlled by Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), which increases water reabsorption.
What happens when the corpus luteum regresses during the menstrual cycle?
1) It secrets more estrogen and progesterone
2) It stops secreting estrogen and progesterone
3) It starts secreting FSH and LH
4) It causes an increase in the thickness of the endometrium
When the corpus luteum regresses during the menstrual cycle, it stops secreting estrogen and progesterone, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining.