MDS PREP
Longest acting local anaesthetic is
1. Bupivacaine
2. Tetracaine
3. Lidocaine
4. Both A and B
Oral Surgery
Answer: 4
Longest acting local anaesthetic is Bupivacaine.
Biopsy specimens removed for examinations are immediately placed in
1) 10 % ethanol
2) 10 % formalin
3) Hydrogen peroxide
4) 1 % formalin
Oral Surgery
Answer: 2
Formalin, specifically 10% neutral buffered formalin, is the standard fixative used for preserving biopsy specimens. It helps to maintain the tissue architecture and cellular details, making it suitable for histopathological examination. Ethanol is not typically used for routine tissue fixation as it can cause tissue shrinkage and distortion. Hydrogen peroxide is not a fixative and is used for different purposes, such as disinfection. A 1% formalin solution is too dilute for effective fixation.
Usually hydrolysis of amide type of local anaesthetic salts is facilitated by
1. Tissue pH above 7.0
2. Tissue pH between 5.0 and 7.0
3. Tissue pH below 5.0
4. None of the above
Oral Surgery
Answer: 1
Hydrolysis of amide type of local anaesthetic salts is facilitated by tissue pH above 7.0.
The alkayat and Bramley approach to the TMJ is a modification of the
1. Hemicoronal approach
2. Retroauricular approach
3. Preauricular approach
4. Risdon"s incision
Oral Surgery
Answer: 3
The alkayat and Bramley approach to the TMJ is a modification of the preauricular approach.
Which is the best method to counteract severe acidosis following cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
1) Administration of adrenaline by IV routes
2) Administration of sodium bicorbonate intravenously
3) Administration of adrenaline intramuscularly
4) No treatment is necessary because it is self-limiting
Oral Surgery
Answer: 2
Severe acidosis, particularly metabolic acidosis, can occur following
prolonged cardiac arrest and subsequent CPR. The primary goal in managing such
cases is to restore normal pH levels in the body, which is crucial for proper
cellular function and overall physiological homeostasis.
1. Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate is a strong base that reacts with
hydrogen ions (H+), which are responsible for acidity in the blood, to form
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This reaction helps to neutralize the
excess hydrogen ions, thereby raising the pH of the blood. It is administered
intravenously because it allows for rapid distribution throughout the body and
direct access to the circulatory system where it can counteract acidosis most
effectively. The intravenous route ensures that the medication reaches the
bloodstream quickly and in a controlled manner, making it the preferred method
for acute and severe cases.
2. Adrenaline (epinephrine)*: Although adrenaline is a crucial medication used
in CPR for its vasopressor and cardiac stimulant effects, it is not the primary
treatment for severe acidosis. Adrenaline is typically administered to improve
cardiac output and blood pressure during CPR.
In dislocation of the jaw, displacement of the articular disc beyond the TM joint results from spasm of excessive contraction of the following muscle
1. Buccinator
2. Lateral pterygoid
3. Masseter
4. Temporalis
Latreal Pterygoid is inserted on Mandible
Depressed fracture of the zygomatic area may be clinically recognised by
1. Concavity of the overlying tissue in the zygomatic arch area
2. Interference with movements of the mandible
3. Subluxation of condyles
4. Both A and B
Oral Surgery
Answer: 4
Concavity of the overlying tissue in the zygomatic arch area: This indicates a loss of structural integrity due to the fracture.Interference with movements of the mandible: The zygomatic bone plays a role in the overall facial structure and function, and a fracture can affect jaw movement.Both of these signs are indicative of a depressed fracture in this region.
Which of the following procedures is best suited to correct bimaxillary protrusion
1. Extraction of four premolars and anterior alveolar segment repositioning
2. Mandibular body osteotomy and posterior maxillary osteotomy
3. Subcondylar osteotomy
4. None of the above
Oral Surgery
Answer: 1
The best procedure to correct bimaxillary protrusion is extraction of four premolars and anterior alveolar segment repositioning. Bimaxillary protrusion is a condition where both the upper and lower jaws are positioned too far forward. This can be corrected by extracting the four premolars (two from the upper and two from the lower jaw) to create space for the teeth to move backward and then repositioning the anterior alveolar segments (the bone and gum tissue holding the front teeth) to achieve a more favorable facial profile and occlusion. This approach addresses the protrusion of both jaws simultaneously and is more effective than the other options listed, which are more targeted at specific jaw issues (mandibular body osteotomy and subcondylar osteotomy) and not as comprehensive for bimaxillary protrusion cases.