MDS PREP
Bronchiectasis is most common in which lobe
1) Right upper lobe
2) Right middle lobe
3) Left upper lobe
4) Left lower lobe
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Bronchiectasis is most common in the left lower lobe
What is the primary source of vitamin D3 in humans?
1) Diet
2) Skin synthesis from sunlight
3) Intestinal bacteria
4) Supplementation
The precursor of vitamin D3, 7-dehydrocholesterol, is present in the keratinocytes of the skin's stratum corneum. Upon exposure to UV light, it is converted into cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
What is the primary genetic defect in Wilson's disease?
1) Mutation in the ATP7A gene
2) Mutation in the ATP7B gene
3) Mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene
4) Mutation in the hepcidin gene
Wilson's disease is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13, which leads to defective copper excretion and accumulation in the liver and other organs.
In Henoch-Schonlien purpura there is all except
1) Abdominal pain with proteinuria
2) Acute arthritis
3) Rectal bleeding
4) More common in adults
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a small-vessel vasculitis that is more common in children than in adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, arthritis, and purpura (skin rash). The other options are typical manifestations of HSP.
Which of the following is NOT a type of E. coli associated with diarrheal disease?
1) Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
2) Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
3) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
4) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
ETEC, EIEC, and EAEC are all types of E. coli that can cause diarrheal disease through various mechanisms. EPEC is typically associated with gastrointestinal illness, particularly in children, but does not typically cause the severe forms of diarrhea seen with ETEC or EHEC.
What is the role of antithrombin III in the coagulation process?
1) Activates thrombin
2) Inhibits thrombin
3) Stabilizes fibrin clots
4) Activates factor X
Antithrombin III is a serine protease inhibitor that plays a critical role in regulating blood coagulation by inhibiting thrombin (factor IIa) and other serine proteases in the coagulation cascade. This helps maintain the delicate balance between clot formation and dissolution.
What is the primary diagnostic difference between constitutional delay of growth and growth hormone deficiency?
1) Family history
2) Epiphyseal development
3) Birth weight and height
4) GH receptor sensitivity
Constitutional delay of growth is characterized by a positive family history of late maturation, while growth hormone deficiency typically is not associated with such a family pattern.
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of CNS involvement in Wilson’s disease?
1) Dystonia
2) Incoordination
3) Sensory abnormalities
4) Chorea
The toxic injury in Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, leading to extrapyramidal symptoms such as dystonia, incoordination, tremor, dysphagia, dysarthria, memory loss, and seizures. However, sensory abnormalities and muscular weakness are not typical features of the disease.