MDS PREP
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
A patient is admitted with suspected cholera. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this condition?
(1) Intravenous antibiotics
(2) Intravenous fluids and electrolytes
(3) Intravenous opioids
(4) Intravenous corticosteroids
The most critical aspect of cholera treatment is aggressive rehydration to replace the large volume of fluid and electrolytes lost through diarrhea. Antibiotics may be administered to reduce the duration of illness and the volume of diarrhea, but rehydration is the immediate priority.
Varicose veins may be seen in the
1) Calf
2) Thigh
3) Scrotum
4) All of the above
Oral medicine
Answer: 4
Varicose veins are characterized by twisted, swollen veins that often
appear blue or purple. Common signs and symptoms include aching or heavy
legs, burning or throbbing sensations, muscle cramps, swelling in the lower
legs, and skin changes such as color alterations or sores
Visible Changes:
Twisted, swollen veins that are often blue or dark purple.
Bulging veins that may appear just below the skin surface.
Physical Sensations:
Aching or heavy feeling in the legs.
Burning, throbbing, or cramping sensations, particularly in the
calves.
Swelling in the lower legs and ankles.
Skin Changes:
Color changes in the skin, which may appear red or brown.
Development of sores or ulcers on the skin that do not heal easily.
Scaly or irritated skin that may crack easily.
Other Symptoms:
Restless legs syndrome, which can cause discomfort and an urge to
move the legs.
Pain in the legs or calves after prolonged sitting or standing.
Complications of Varicose Veins
Severe Symptoms:
Increased leg swelling and pain, especially after long periods of
inactivity.
Risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to
serious complications if blood clots form.
Skin Conditions:
Lipodermatosclerosis, a condition that causes inflammation and
hardening of the skin.
Venous ulcers, which are painful sores that can develop due to poor
circulation.
Which of the following antiprotozoal agents is not indicated for the treatment of giardiasis?
(1) Nitazoxanide
(2) Furazolidone
(3) Metronidazole
(4) Quinacrine
Nitazoxanide and furazolidone are both indicated for the treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia. Metronidazole is also effective against anaerobic bacterial infections but is not primarily used for giardiasis. Quinacrine is an antimalarial agent and is not used to treat protozoal infections such as giardiasis.
What is the characteristic gait abnormality seen in patients with advanced Huntington's disease?
1) Festinating gait
2) Spastic gait
3) Ataxic gait
4) Choreic gait
The characteristic gait abnormality in Huntington's disease is the choreic gait, which is disjointed and poorly coordinated with a "dancing" quality.
Gingival manifestation is seen maximum with
1. AML
2. CLL
3. CML
4. ALL
Oral Medicine
Answer: 1
Cyclosporine enlargement of gingiva can be classified as
1. Non inflammatory
2. Inflammatory
3. Developmental
4. Malignant
Oral Medicine
Answer: 1
What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis?
1) Inhalation of carbon dioxide
2) Injection of sodium bicarbonate
3) Ingestion of antacids
4) Increase in respiratory rate
The treatment for respiratory alkalosis typically involves correcting the underlying cause. However, if symptoms are severe, inhalation of a small amount of carbon dioxide can be administered.