MDS PREP
Which type of diabetes is generally associated with insulin resistance?
1) Type 1 Diabetes
2) Type 2 Diabetes
3) Gestational Diabetes
4) Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
Type 2 diabetes is primarily associated with insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
Antibioma is
1) A tumour of fibrous tissue
2) Granulation tissue mass caused by antibiotics
3) Malignant tumour caused by antibiotics
4) None
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
An antibioma is a localized mass of granulation tissue that forms in response to the presence of antibiotics, often as a result of an infection. It is not a tumor in the traditional sense but rather a reactive tissue response to the antibiotic treatment.
Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign associated with Bell's palsy?
(1) Paralysis of the lower part of the face only.
(2) Inability to close the affected eye completely.
(3) Preservation of the ability to wrinkle the forehead.
(4) Impaired articulation of labial sounds.
Bell's palsy typically involves the entire side of the face, not just the lower part. The affected side may become asymmetric and motionless, with wrinkles disappearing from the forehead and an inability to close the eye completely. Impaired articulation of labial sounds is a common symptom due to the involvement of the facial muscles used for speech.
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
1) High HDL cholesterol
2) Low LDL cholesterol
3) High triglycerides
4) Low triglycerides
High triglycerides are a risk factor for atherosclerosis as they contribute to the formation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls.
What is the prevalence of Huntington's disease in the general population?
1) 1/1000
2) 1/10,000
3) 1/100,000
4) 1/1,000,000
Huntington's disease has a prevalence of approximately 10 per 100,000 people in the general population. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly those of Western European descent.
A patient with severe nausea and vomiting is prescribed metoclopramide. What is the primary mechanism of action of metoclopramide?
(1) Antihistaminic action
(2) Dopamine antagonism in the CNS
(3) Muscarinic receptor antagonism
(4) 5-HT3 receptor antagonism
Metoclopramide acts primarily as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptive trigger zone in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting by decreasing gastric emptying and increasing gastric tone.
In which organism is echinococcosis most commonly found?
(1) Liver
(2) Lungs
(3) Brain
(4) Heart
Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. The most common site for these larvae to form cysts is the liver.
A 45-year-old male with a history of alcoholism is admitted with a three-day history of fever, chills, and severe abdominal pain. His WBC count is elevated. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
(1) Pancreatitis
(2) Alcoholic hepatitis
(3) Peptic ulcer disease
(4) Gallstones
The history of alcoholism and symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and elevated WBC count are more consistent with pancreatitis, which is commonly associated with alcohol abuse.