MDS PREP
What is the typical age of onset for Huntington's disease?
(1) Childhood
(2) Fourth or fifth decade
(3) Seventh or eighth decade
(4) Second or third decade
Huntington's disease typically begins in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects both men and women, and the symptoms include chorea, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive decline. While there is a wide range in age of onset, the average age of symptom manifestation is around 30 to 50 years.
Which is a non-absorbable suture
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyglycollic acid
3) Vicryl
4) Collagen
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known
for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral
surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that
is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly
used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity
profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from
animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable
materials and is absorbed by the body over time.
A patient with severe nausea and vomiting is prescribed metoclopramide. What is the primary mechanism of action of metoclopramide?
(1) Antihistaminic action
(2) Dopamine antagonism in the CNS
(3) Muscarinic receptor antagonism
(4) 5-HT3 receptor antagonism
Metoclopramide acts primarily as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptive trigger zone in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting by decreasing gastric emptying and increasing gastric tone.
The pathogenesis of hypocromic anaemia in lead poisoning is due to
1. Inhibition of enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis
2. Binding of lead to transferrin, inhibiting transport of iron
3. Binding of lead to cell membrane of erythroid precursors
4. Binding of lead to ferretin inhibiting their breakdown into hemosiderin
Oral Medicine Answer: 1
In Cushing's syndrome, which hormone is responsible for the characteristic symptoms?
1) Cortisol
2) Thyroid hormones
3) Growth hormone
4) Insulin
Cushing's syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol excess leads to symptoms such as moon facies, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, purple striae, and proximal muscle weakness, among others.
What is the primary defect in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
1) Marked increase in muscle potassium permeability
2) Marked decrease in muscle sodium permeability
3) Marked decrease in muscle potassium permeability
4) Impaired sodium-potassium pump function
In familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis, the primary defect is a decrease in muscle potassium permeability, leading to a reduced efflux of potassium from muscle cells.
Which of the following is a true statement about amylase levels in pleural fluid?
(1) High amylase levels in pleural fluid indicate a pancreatic origin of the effusion
(2) High amylase levels in pleural fluid are always due to esophageal rupture
(3) High amylase levels in pleural fluid can be seen in both pancreatic and esophageal rupture
(4) High amylase levels in pleural fluid are diagnostic of pulmonary tuberculosis
High amylase levels in pleural fluid can indicate either a pancreatic or an esophageal origin of the effusion. It is not specific to one condition and further diagnostic tests are needed to determine the source.
What are the two main clinical hallmarks of Huntington's disease?
(1) Parkinsonism and tremor
(2) Chorea and cognitive impairment
(3) Ataxia and peripheral neuropathy
(4) Dystonia and rigidity
Huntington's disease is characterized by two main clinical features: chorea (involuntary, irregular, and sudden jerky movements) and behavioral disturbances. These symptoms may occur alone or in combination, with the choreic movement disorder typically becoming more pronounced over time.