MDS PREP
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
In a patient with suspected hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is the most sensitive diagnostic test for the disease?
(1) Serum calcium
(2) Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH)
(3) Urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio
(4) Serum phosphorus
The most sensitive diagnostic test for hyperparathyroidism is the measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Elevated iPTH levels in the context of hypercalcemia are indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, serum calcium levels are also typically high in this condition and are commonly measured in the initial workup.
What is the primary cellular defect caused by HIV infection leading to AIDS?
(1) Depletion of CD8 cells
(2) Depletion of CD4 cells
(3) Overproduction of CD8 cells
(4) Overproduction of CD4 cells
The primary cellular defect caused by HIV infection is the depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells, which are essential for a properly functioning immune system. This leads to a compromised immune system that is susceptible to opportunistic infections.
In Cushing's syndrome, which hormone is responsible for the characteristic symptoms?
1) Cortisol
2) Thyroid hormones
3) Growth hormone
4) Insulin
Cushing's syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol excess leads to symptoms such as moon facies, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, purple striae, and proximal muscle weakness, among others.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
1) 12-16 breaths/min
2) 16-20 breaths/min
3) 20-24 breaths/min
4) 24-30 breaths/min
The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.
What is the genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1?
(1) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 13
(2) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
(3) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 22
(4) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
What condition is NOT associated with osteoporosis?
1) Hypogonadism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Fluorosis
4) Hyperparathyroidism
Fluorosis is associated with osteosclerosis, not osteoporosis. It leads to increased bone density due to excessive deposition of fluoride.
What is the typical age range for increased risk of coronary heart disease in women?
1) ? 45 years
2) ? 55 years
3) ? 65 years
4) ? 75 years
For women, the increased risk of coronary heart disease typically starts at the age of 55 years.