MDS PREP
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
A patient presents with symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The physician suspects the presence of emphysema.
Which of the following conditions is likely to cause pulsus paradoxus in this patient?
(1) Pneumothorax
(2) Pleural effusion
(3) Emphysema/Asthma
(4) Cor pulmonale
Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration, which can occur in patients with airflow obstruction conditions such as emphysema and asthma. These conditions can lead to increased intrathoracic pressure swings during respiration, which affects the cardiac output and arterial pulse amplitude.
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is prescribed chloramphenicol for a bacterial infection. What is a potential adverse effect of this medication that requires careful monitoring in this patient population?
(1) Nephrotoxicity
(2) Hepatotoxicity
(3) Ototoxicity
(4) Neutropenia
Chloramphenicol is known to have nephrotoxic effects and can exacerbate pre-existing kidney damage. It is essential to monitor renal function closely in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease when administering this antibiotic.
What is the typical age of onset for increased risk of coronary heart disease in women?
1) ? 45 years
2) ? 55 years
3) ? 65 years
4) ? 75 years
Women are generally protected from coronary heart disease by estrogen before menopause, which is why the increased risk typically starts later at the age of 55 years.
A patient with known hypertension is started on clonidine therapy. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
(1) Increased heart rate
(2) Peripheral edema
(3) Sexual dysfunction
(4) Diarrhea
Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive that reduces blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow. It can sometimes cause bradycardia rather than increased heart rate. Other common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, and sedation.
What is the primary target of warfarin in the prevention of thrombosis?
1) Platelets
2) Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
3) Fibrin
4) Factor VIII
Warfarin acts by inhibiting the vitamin K-dependent synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S. This anticoagulant effect decreases the formation of thrombin and fibrin and is used to prevent thrombus formation and embolization in conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
Malherbe"s epithelioma characterised by all except
1) Benign calcifying epithelioma
2) Common in adults
3) Solitary, hard tumours
4) Mostly on the neck, face, arms
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
Malherbe's epithelioma, also known as calcifying epithelioma, is typically a benign tumor that is more common in children and young adults rather than adults. It is characterized by solitary, hard tumors that are often found on the neck, face, and arms. The other options accurately describe the characteristics of Malherbe's epithelioma.
In Paget's disease of bone, which of the following is a characteristic finding in serum biochemistry?
(1) High serum alkaline phosphatase levels
(2) High serum calcium levels
(3) Low serum phosphorus levels
(4) High serum PTH levels
Paget's disease is characterized by excessive and abnormal bone remodeling, which results in increased bone turnover. This increased turnover is reflected in the serum by high levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone formation. While calcium and phosphorus levels may be affected in some cases, the hallmark biochemical abnormality in Paget's disease is elevated alkaline phosphatase.