MDS PREP
Condition not associated with primary inflammation
1. Pregnancy
2. Dilantin therapy
3. Vit-C deficiency
4. Puberty
Oral Medicine
Answer: 2
A patient has been prescribed mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. What is the primary mechanism of action of mefloquine?
(1) Inhibition of folic acid synthesis
(2) Inhibition of DNA replication
(3) Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis
(4) Inhibition of sodium channels
Mefloquine is effective against malaria because it inhibits the DNA replication in the parasites' asexual erythrocytic stages, thus preventing their proliferation.
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
1) High HDL cholesterol
2) Low LDL cholesterol
3) High triglycerides
4) Low triglycerides
High triglycerides are a risk factor for atherosclerosis as they contribute to the formation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls.
What is the typical age range for increased risk of coronary heart disease in women?
1) ? 45 years
2) ? 55 years
3) ? 65 years
4) ? 75 years
For women, the increased risk of coronary heart disease typically starts at the age of 55 years.
What is the most common cause of increased intracranial pressure in adults?
1) Brain tumors
2) Head trauma
3) Meningitis
4) Hydrocephalus
Brain tumors are the most common cause of increased intracranial pressure in adults.
What is the genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1?
(1) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 13
(2) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
(3) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 22
(4) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is prescribed chloramphenicol for a bacterial infection. What is a potential adverse effect of this medication that requires careful monitoring in this patient population?
(1) Nephrotoxicity
(2) Hepatotoxicity
(3) Ototoxicity
(4) Neutropenia
Chloramphenicol is known to have nephrotoxic effects and can exacerbate pre-existing kidney damage. It is essential to monitor renal function closely in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease when administering this antibiotic.
What is the primary mechanism of action of antiphospholipid syndrome in promoting thrombosis?
1) Inhibition of protein C and protein S
2) Activation of platelets
3) Enhancement of fibrinolysis
4) Induction of antibodies against phospholipids
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies can bind to phospholipids in cell membranes, leading to a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. The exact mechanism by which these antibodies induce thrombosis is complex and may involve interference with anticoagulant proteins like protein C and protein S, as well as platelet activation and endothelial damage. However, the primary mechanism is the presence of these autoantibodies.