MDS PREP
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
1) 12-16 breaths/min
2) 16-20 breaths/min
3) 20-24 breaths/min
4) 24-30 breaths/min
The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of valvular heart disease?
1) Shortness of breath
2) Rapid heartbeat
3) Chest discomfort
4) Abnormal body temperature
Valvular heart disease symptoms typically include weakness on exertion, rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, and fainting spells. However, an abnormal body temperature is not a common symptom associated with valvular heart disease.
What is the genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1?
(1) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 13
(2) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
(3) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 22
(4) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
What is the most common risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?
1) Cigarette smoking
2) High HDL cholesterol
3) Physical inactivity
4) Impaired fasting glucose
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis as it damages the inner lining of the blood vessels, leading to the formation of plaques.
Cyclosporine enlargement of gingiva can be classified as
1. Non inflammatory
2. Inflammatory
3. Developmental
4. Malignant
Oral Medicine
Answer: 1
What is the initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode?
1) Bradycardia
2) Tachycardia
3) Decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
4) Increased catecholamine release
The initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode is an increase in catecholamine release, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and tachycardia.
How is chronic hepatitis typically defined?
(1) Asymptomatic with biochemical evidence of liver disease for less than 6 months
(2) Asymptomatic with histologically documented inflammation for less than 6 months
(3) Asymptomatic with serological evidence of hepatic disease for less than 6 months
(4) Asymptomatic with biochemical or serological evidence of liver disease for more than 6 months
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.