MDS PREP
Which of the following is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
1) Parathyroid adenoma
2) Parathyroid carcinoma
3) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1)
4) Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma, leading to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone and increased serum calcium levels.
What is the primary function of the gastrinoma in Zollinger Ellison syndrome?
1) Producing excessive gastrin
2) Inhibiting acid secretion
3) Stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion
4) Promoting intestinal motility
A gastrinoma is a non-beta cell tumor that autonomously produces large amounts of gastrin, leading to hypergastrinemia and increased acid secretion in the stomach, resulting in severe peptic ulcers.
Bronchiectasis is most common in which lobe
1) Right upper lobe
2) Right middle lobe
3) Left upper lobe
4) Left lower lobe
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Bronchiectasis is most common in the left lower lobe
Not true about trigeminal neuralgia is
1) Mainly in middle aged and elderly
2) Paroxysms of pain last only a few seconds
3) Opthalmic division is usually affected first
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Trigeminal neuralgia typically involves the maxillary and mandibular divisions more than the ophthalmic division; thus, it is incorrect to state that the ophthalmic division is usually affected first.
Class II of HIV associated diseases describes
1) Acute infections
2) Asymptomatic infections
3) Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
4) All of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Class II of HIV associated diseases describes asymptomatic infections where patients are HIV positive but do not exhibit symptoms. Class I includes acute infections, and Class III involves symptomatic infections. Therefore, Class II is characterized by individuals being asymptomatic despite being infected with HIV.
In which of the following conditions is the prevalence of nephrotic syndrome more common in children than in adults?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal-change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Minimal-change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, with a prevalence of 65%. In contrast, it is less common in adults, affecting only 10% of cases.
Which of the following is ideal method of screening for secondaries lung
1) Chest X-ray
2) CT scan
3) MRI
4) Enzyme essay
General Medicine
Answer: 2
A CT scan is more sensitive than a chest X-ray for identifying metastatic lung disease and is typically used for such screenings.
According to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus classification criteria, what is the minimum number of disorders required for a diagnosis?
1) 2
2) 4
3) 6
4) 8
For a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), at least four out of the eleven listed disorders must be present. These include malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis, renal disorder, neurologic disorder, hematologic disorder, immunologic disorder, and positive antinuclear antibodies.