MDS PREP
What is the treatment of choice for iron removal in hemochromatosis?
1) Iron supplements
2) Chelation therapy
3) Phlebotomy
4) Dietary restriction of iron
The treatment of choice for hemochromatosis is phlebotomy, which involves the regular removal of blood to reduce iron levels in the body. This method is more effective and safer for most patients compared to chelating agents, which are reserved for cases where phlebotomy is not feasible or when there is severe anemia or hypoproteinemia.
Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by
1) Tuberculosis
2) Infarction
3) Pneumoconiosis
4) All
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Pulmonary fibrosis can result from various causes, including infections (like tuberculosis), infarction, and exposure to harmful substances (like silica in pneumoconiosis).
What is the role of angiotensinogen in blood pressure regulation?
1) It is a precursor to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulant of aldosterone release.
2) It is a precursor to angiotensin I, which has no direct role in blood pressure regulation.
3) It acts as a co-factor in the production of bradykinin, a vasodilator.
4) It is a potent inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system.
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin II by the action of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, leading to sodium and water retention and an increase in blood pressure.
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in
1) Syncope
2) Airway obstruction
3) Carotid blow out
4) Cardiac arrest
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in airway obstruction
Not true about trigeminal neuralgia is
1) Mainly in middle aged and elderly
2) Paroxysms of pain last only a few seconds
3) Opthalmic division is usually affected first
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Trigeminal neuralgia typically involves the maxillary and mandibular divisions more than the ophthalmic division; thus, it is incorrect to state that the ophthalmic division is usually affected first.
A 55-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presents with a chronic non-healing ulcer on his lower leg. The ulcer has a necrotic center surrounded by erythematous tissue. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Arterial ulcer
2) Venous stasis ulcer
3) Pressure ulcer
4) Neuropathic ulcer
The chronic non-healing nature of the ulcer and its location on the lower leg in an individual with a history of alcoholism are more consistent with a neuropathic ulcer. Neuropathy due to chronic alcohol use can lead to loss of protective sensation and poor blood supply, resulting in these types of ulcers.
Which of the following conditions is associated with a high incidence of growth hormone deficiency?
1) Down syndrome
2) Turner syndrome
3) Prader-Willi syndrome
4) Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome, characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome, is associated with a high incidence of growth hormone deficiency. This leads to short stature and delayed puberty in affected females. While the other conditions listed can have various endocrine abnormalities, they are not primarily linked to growth hormone deficiency.
Most likely precursor to bronchiectasis is
1) TB
2) Carcinoma
3) Bronchial adenoma
4) Bronchopneumonia
General Medicine
Answer: 4
The most likely precursor to bronchiectasis is bronchopneumonia