MDS PREP
Which of the following is NOT a component of the nephrotic syndrome?
1) Massive proteinuria
2) Hypoalbuminemia
3) Lipiduria
4) Neutrophiluria
The nephrotic syndrome includes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia with lipiduria. Neutrophiluria, the presence of neutrophils in the urine, is not a typical feature of the nephrotic syndrome and is more associated with conditions like acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis.
The diagnostic laboratory finding in nephrotic syndrome
1) Elevated blood urea
2) Severe anaemia
3) Massive albuminuria
4) Hyperglycaemia
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Massive albuminuria, characterized by excess protein in urine, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, alongside edema and hyperlipidemia.
The following feature may raise the suspicion of TB
1) Persistent cough
2) Spontaneous pneumothorax
3) Haemoptysis
4) All
General Medicine
Answer: 4
The following features may raise the suspicion of TB: persistent cough, spontaneous pneumothorax, and haemoptysis
Pulmonary surfactant is
1) Lecithin
2) Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline
3) Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine
4) Sphingosine
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Pulmonary surfactant is lecithin
Which of the following is NOT a component of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
1) Factor XII
2) Factor XI
3) Tissue factor
4) Factor X
Tissue factor is actually a component of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway involves factors XII, XI, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factors VIII, IX, and X.
Crepitus will be seen in the tissues surrounding an infection by
1) Staphylococcus
2) Streptococcus
3) Clostridium tetani
4) C. perfringes
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Crepitus is a characteristic sign of gas gangrene, which is often caused by Clostridium perfringens. This bacterium produces gas in tissues, leading to a crackling sensation upon palpation.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ground-glass hepatocytes seen in HBV infection?
1) Spheres and tubules of HBsAg in the cytoplasm
2) Finely granular cytoplasm
3) Nuclear atypia
4) Preservation of the cell outline
Ground-glass hepatocytes are a hallmark of HBV infection and are characterized by spheres and tubules of HBsAg in the cytoplasm, resulting in a finely granular appearance. However, these cells typically show no significant nuclear atypia.
Which of the following is a hallmark of alcoholic cirrhosis?
1) Massive hepatic necrosis
2) Fatty infiltration of hepatocytes
3) Extensive scar tissue and regenerative nodules
4) Inflammatory cell infiltration
Alcoholic cirrhosis is characterized by the presence of extensive scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules within the liver. This results from chronic alcohol-induced damage to hepatocytes and the subsequent wound healing response.