MDS PREP
Which of the following causes bronchodilatation?
1) adrenaline (epinephrine)
2) histamine
3) prostaglandin E2
4) guaifenesin
General Medicine Answer: 1
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a sympathomimetic agent that causes bronchodilatation. It is used to relieve bronchospasm in anaphylactic shock reactions.
Histamine, kinins and prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2, are inflammatory mediators. In response to allergic stimuli, inflammatory mediators may cause bronchoconstrictions.
Guaifenesin is an expectorant preparation that increases bronchial secretions to promote the expulsion of the mucus coughed up.
Crepitus will be seen in the tissues surrounding an infection by
1) Staphylococcus
2) Streptococcus
3) Clostridium tetani
4) C. perfringes
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Crepitus is a characteristic sign of gas gangrene, which is often caused by Clostridium perfringens. This bacterium produces gas in tissues, leading to a crackling sensation upon palpation.
A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with peptic ulcer disease. What is the most likely underlying mechanism?
1) Direct action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gastric mucosa
2) Indirect effects of PTH-induced hypercalcemia on gastric acid secretion
3) Secondary hypergastrinemia due to vitamin D deficiency
4) Autonomic neuropathy affecting gastric emptying
Hypercalcemia, which is commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism, can suppress gastric mucosal function and lead to peptic ulcer disease.
Bronchiectasis is most common in which lobe
1) Right upper lobe
2) Right middle lobe
3) Left upper lobe
4) Left lower lobe
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Bronchiectasis is most common in the left lower lobe
Commonest type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers
1) Squamous cell carcinoma
2) Adenocarcinoma
3) Alveolar cell carcinoma
4) Small cell carcinoma
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent lung carcinoma type among non-smokers, often linked to genetic mutations and environmental factors rather than smoking.
Which of the following is NOT a function of fibrinogen?
1) Formation of a fibrin clot
2) Transport of fatty acids
3) Binding to platelet glycoprotein receptors
4) Maintenance of osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen is the precursor of fibrin, which is essential for clot formation. It does not have a role in the transport of fatty acids. Its main functions include stabilization of the platelet plug and serving as a substrate for thrombin to generate fibrin.
Which of the following is ideal method of screening for secondaries lung
1) Chest X-ray
2) CT scan
3) MRI
4) Enzyme essay
General Medicine
Answer: 2
A CT scan is more sensitive than a chest X-ray for identifying metastatic lung disease and is typically used for such screenings.
What is the most common neurological manifestation of Wilson’s disease?
1) Movement disorders
2) Cognitive impairment
3) Seizures
4) Peripheral neuropathy
Movement disorders, particularly those associated with basal ganglia dysfunction such as dystonia and chorea, are the most common neurological manifestations of Wilson’s disease due to the primary toxic effect on the basal ganglia from copper deposition.