MDS PREP
What is the most common site for gastrinomas in Zollinger Ellison syndrome?
1) Stomach
2) Small intestine
3) Pancreas
4) Duodenum
Gastrinomas in Zollinger Ellison syndrome are most commonly found in the pancreas, particularly in the head of the pancreas. The term "gastrinoma triangle" refers to the area between the duodenum and pancreas where these tumors are frequently located.
What is the primary function of transferrin in the body?
1) Transport of iron
2) Transport of copper
3) Binding and transport of thyroid hormones
4) Lipoprotein assembly
Transferrin is a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver that acts as the primary iron-transport protein in the blood. It binds to iron and transfers it to cells that require it, such as erythrocytes for hemoglobin synthesis.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is an allergic reaction to
1) Drugs
2) House dust
3) Virus
4) Worms
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is often linked to parasitic infections, especially related to filarial infections, where the immune response to the worms leads to eosinophilia.
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) in developing countries?
1) Tuberculosis
2) Autoimmune diseases
3) Adrenal hemorrhage
4) Adrenal cancer
In developing countries, the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency is tuberculosis, due to its higher prevalence and ability to spread to various organs, including the adrenal glands.
What is the rationale behind administering hydrocortisone in the treatment of anaphylactic shock?
1) It directly blocks histamine receptors
2) It reduces vascular permeability and suppresses the inflammatory response
3) It is a bronchodilator
4) It is an antihypertensive agent
Hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid, is administered to reduce vascular permeability and suppress the systemic inflammatory response in anaphylaxis. Its effects are not immediate but can help in preventing a biphasic reaction and prolonging symptoms.
A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with a non-healing foot ulcer. Which of the following is NOT a component of the comprehensive management of the ulcer?
1) Infection control
2) Daily wound dressing changes
3) Blood glucose management
4) Revascularization if indicated
While daily wound dressing changes are a part of ulcer care, the other options are more critical in the comprehensive management of diabetic foot ulcers.
Which of the following is NOT a primary glomerular disease that can cause nephrotic syndrome?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic disease with renal manifestations that can cause nephrotic syndrome, but it is not a primary glomerular disease. The primary glomerular diseases listed that can lead to nephrotic syndrome are membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
What is the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia?
1) Afibrinogenemia
2) Vitamin K deficiency
3) Hemophilia A
4) Hemophilia B
Although the question mentions that hypoprothrombinemia is associated with vitamin K deficiency, the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia is actually deficiency of factor II, which is vitamin K-dependent. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to impaired synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver.