MDS PREP
A young boy, Hori Lal, developed respiratory distress. On examination, the chest X-ray showed hyperinflation of one lung. Which of the following is the most possible diagnosis
1) Congenital lobar emphysema
2) Foreign body aspiration
3) Bronchiectasis
4) Atelectasis
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The most possible diagnosis is foreign body aspiration
A 50-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with sudden onset of severe, painful, and reddened skin on the dorsum of his foot. His blood glucose is 350 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Cellulitis
2) Diabetic neuropathic ulcer
3) Pyoderma gangrenosum
4) Erythema multiforme
The sudden onset of pain, redness, and swelling of the skin, particularly in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes, suggests a bacterial infection such as cellulitis.
What is the primary genetic defect in Wilson's disease?
1) Mutation in the ATP7A gene
2) Mutation in the ATP7B gene
3) Mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene
4) Mutation in the hepcidin gene
Wilson's disease is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13, which leads to defective copper excretion and accumulation in the liver and other organs.
The first line treatment for anaphylactic shock includes:
1) Intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline)
2) Intravenous antihistamines
3) Intravenous corticosteroids
4) Intramuscular corticosteroids
Adrenaline is the drug of choice in anaphylactic shock as it acts rapidly to counteract the effects of histamine by causing vasoconstriction and bronchodilation. It is administered intramuscularly to ensure quick absorption and action.
A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increasing shortness of breath and cough with greenish sputum. His chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right middle lobe. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen?
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus influenzae
3) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4) Legionella pneumophila
In a patient with COPD presenting with community-acquired pneumonia, the most common bacterial pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The consolidation on chest X-ray and the presence of purulent sputum are characteristic features of bacterial pneumonia.
What is the most common complication of chronic SLE?
1) Lupus nephritis
2) Rheumatoid arthritis
3) Lupus cardiomyopathy
4) Thrombocytopenia
Lupus nephritis is the most common complication of chronic SLE, affecting approximately 50% of patients. It is characterized by inflammation of the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure if not properly managed.
What is the treatment of choice for iron removal in hemochromatosis?
1) Iron supplements
2) Chelation therapy
3) Phlebotomy
4) Dietary restriction of iron
The treatment of choice for hemochromatosis is phlebotomy, which involves the regular removal of blood to reduce iron levels in the body. This method is more effective and safer for most patients compared to chelating agents, which are reserved for cases where phlebotomy is not feasible or when there is severe anemia or hypoproteinemia.
What is the principal cause of megaloblastic anemia other than vitamin B12 deficiency?
1) Folate deficiency
2) Iron deficiency
3) Vitamin A deficiency
4) Vitamin C deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Both of these nutrients are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division in the bone marrow.