MDS PREP
Which of the following is true regarding the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
1) It is used primarily to assess the severity of spinal injuries.
2) It assesses only motor function.
3) It is not applicable in patients with head injuries.
4) It evaluates eye opening, verbal response, and motor activity.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely used to assess the severity of coma or impaired consciousness, particularly in patients with head injuries.
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in
1) Syncope
2) Airway obstruction
3) Carotid blow out
4) Cardiac arrest
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in airway obstruction
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of CNS involvement in Wilson’s disease?
1) Dystonia
2) Incoordination
3) Sensory abnormalities
4) Chorea
The toxic injury in Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, leading to extrapyramidal symptoms such as dystonia, incoordination, tremor, dysphagia, dysarthria, memory loss, and seizures. However, sensory abnormalities and muscular weakness are not typical features of the disease.
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
1) Clostridium difficile
2) Salmonella enterotoxin
3) Staphylococcus aureus toxin
4) Escherichia coli toxins
Pseudomembranous colitis is generally caused by Clostridium difficile toxins, which are not produced by Salmonella or E. coli. These latter organisms are associated with food poisoning due to different types of enterotoxins.
What is the primary function of the gastrinoma in Zollinger Ellison syndrome?
1) Producing excessive gastrin
2) Inhibiting acid secretion
3) Stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion
4) Promoting intestinal motility
A gastrinoma is a non-beta cell tumor that autonomously produces large amounts of gastrin, leading to hypergastrinemia and increased acid secretion in the stomach, resulting in severe peptic ulcers.
As opposed to lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia is characterised grossly and microscopically by
1) Patchy inflammatory distribution
2) Organization of alveolar exudates
3) Diffuse inflammatory distribution
4) Inflammation of bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 1
As opposed to lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia is characterized grossly and microscopically by patchy inflammatory distribution
Which of the following is a congenital deficiency associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis?
1) Hageman trait
2) Parahemophilia
3) Hypoprothrombinemia due to liver disease
4) Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is a congenital defect due to various abnormalities of the gene on the X chromosome that codes for factor VIII, leading to a hemorrhagic diathesis. Hageman trait is also congenital but does not directly cause a bleeding disorder.
Pulsus paradoxus is seen in
1) Mitral stenosis
2) Atrial fibrillation
3) Aortic stenosis
4) Asthma
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Pulsus paradoxus is a clinical sign characterized by a drop in blood pressure during inspiration. It is commonly seen in conditions like asthma, where airway obstruction leads to significant changes in intrathoracic pressure.