MDS PREP
Birbeck’s granules in the cytoplasm are seen in:
1) Langerhans cells
2) Mast cells
3) Myelocytes
4) Thrombocytes
General Pathology
Answer: 1
Birbeck’s granules are characteristic of Langerhans cells, which are involved in the immune response and are found in the skin.
Most common areas of body susceptible to carcinomas:
1. Head and neck
2. Back
3. Pelvic and urogenital
4. Extremities
Pathology Answer: 1
Head and Neck: The head and neck region includes various structures such as
the oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and the salivary glands. This
region is highly susceptible to carcinomas due to the presence of mucosal
surfaces exposed to potential carcinogens. Common types of head and neck
carcinomas include:
- Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common form of head and neck
cancer, typically occurring on the tongue, lips, oral cavity, and oropharynx.
Risk factors include tobacco use (smoking and smokeless), alcohol consumption,
and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: This cancer arises from the nasopharynx and is often
associated with environmental factors such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
infection and dietary habits.
- Laryngeal Carcinoma: Cancer of the larynx (voice box) is often linked to
smoking and excessive alcohol intake.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome affects which nerve
1. 5th nerve
2. 7th nerve
3. 9th nerve
4. 10th nerve
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Ramsay Hunt syndrome affects the 7th nerve.
The odontoma which resembles anatomy of normal teeth is a
1) Composite odontoma
2) Compound odontoma
3) Complex odontoma
4) Complex compound odontoma
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Explanation: A compound odontoma is a type of odontogenic tumor that consists of multiple small tooth-like structures (denticles) and resembles the anatomy of normal teeth. In contrast, a complex odontoma has a more disorganized structure and does not resemble normal teeth.
What is the primary mechanism leading to increased cortisol levels in Cushing's disease?
1) Ectopic ACTH secretion by a tumor
2) Adrenal adenoma secreting cortisol autonomously
3) Excessive pituitary prolactin production
4) Cortisol resistance at the tissue level
An adrenal adenoma secreting cortisol autonomously is the primary mechanism leading to increased cortisol levels in Cushing's disease.
What is the primary dietary modification recommended for patients with celiac sprue?
1) Low-fat diet
2) Low-carbohydrate diet
3) Low-calorie diet
4) Gluten-free diet
A gluten-free diet is the primary dietary modification recommended for patients with celiac sprue.
Virchow’s triad includes all except:
1) Injury to vein
2) Venous thrombosis
3) Hypercoagulability of blood
4) Venous stasis
General Pathology
Answer: 2
Venous thrombosis is not part of Virchow’s triad; the triad includes injury to the vein, hypercoagulability, and venous stasis.
Hypopigmentation, gray streaks of hair, degranulation defect of neutrophils and neuropathy are seen in
1. Aleukaemic leukaemia
2. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia
3. Lazy leukocyte syndrome
4. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Hypopigmentation, gray streaks of hair, degranulation defect of neutrophils, and neuropathy are seen in Chediak-Higashi syndrome.