MDS PREP
What is the primary target of alcohol toxicity in the liver?
1) Hepatocyte membranes
2) Hepatic stellate cells
3) Kupffer cells
4) Mitochondria
The primary target of alcohol toxicity in the liver is the mitochondri1) Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, generating acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species, which can disrupt mitochondrial function and lead to cell damage and necrosis.
What is the primary function of alpha-fetoprotein in the body?
1) Osmotic regulation and binding of various substances
2) Inhibition of serum proteases
3) Transport of copper
4) Transport of iron
Alpha-fetoprotein is produced primarily by the yolk sac and fetal liver during pregnancy. Its main function is osmotic regulation and it acts as a binding and carrier protein for various substances, including drugs and metals.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is an allergic reaction to
1) Drugs
2) House dust
3) Virus
4) Worms
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is often linked to parasitic infections, especially related to filarial infections, where the immune response to the worms leads to eosinophilia.
A patient has a prolonged PTT and normal PT. Which coagulation factor deficiency is most likely?
1) Factor VIII deficiency
2) Factor V deficiency
3) Factor II deficiency
4) Factor X deficiency
The PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) is prolonged in deficiencies of factors VIII, IX, and XII, which are part of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Since factor VIII deficiency is more common and is associated with a bleeding diathesis, it is the most likely deficiency in this scenario.
Secondary infections in HIV-infected patient are classified under
1) Class I
2) Class II
3) Class III
4) Class IV
General Medicine Answer: 4
Common opportunistic infections associated with HIV include: cryptococcal meningitis. toxoplasmosis.
What is the most common cause of death in patients with anaphylactic shock?
1) Respiratory failure due to bronchoconstriction
2) Cardiac arrest due to arrhythmias
3) Seizures
4) Stroke
The most common cause of death in anaphylactic shock is respiratory failure resulting from bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema. Immediate airway management and bronchodilation are critical in the treatment of anaphylaxis.
What is the primary function of alpha-2-macroglobulin in the body?
1) Inhibition of serum proteases
2) Osmotic regulation
3) Transport of copper
4) Blood clot dissolution
Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a plasma protein that functions as an inhibitor of serum proteases, including thrombin and other proteolytic enzymes. It is involved in the regulation of extracellular proteolytic activity and the prevention of tissue damage.