MDS PREP
What is the most common serotype of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) associated with outbreaks in developed countries?
1) O157:H7
2) O104:H4
3) O26:H11
4) O111:H8
E. coli O157:H7 is the most commonly identified serotype of EHEC and is associated with outbreaks related to the consumption of inadequately cooked ground beef, milk, and vegetables. It produces Shiga-like toxins, which can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome.
A patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with a red, smooth tongue. This is most likely due to:
1) Iron deficiency anemia
2) Pernicious anemia
3) Megaloblastic anemia
4) Thiamine deficiency
The patient's symptoms are indicative of thiamine deficiency, which is a common nutritional deficiency in chronic alcoholics.
A 55-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presents with a chronic non-healing ulcer on his lower leg. The ulcer has a necrotic center surrounded by erythematous tissue. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Arterial ulcer
2) Venous stasis ulcer
3) Pressure ulcer
4) Neuropathic ulcer
The chronic non-healing nature of the ulcer and its location on the lower leg in an individual with a history of alcoholism are more consistent with a neuropathic ulcer. Neuropathy due to chronic alcohol use can lead to loss of protective sensation and poor blood supply, resulting in these types of ulcers.
Which of the following may result from chronic bronchitis?
1) Cor pulmonale
2) Increased airway resistance
3) Metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium
4) All of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Chronic bronchitis may result in cor pulmonale, increased airway resistance, metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium
In a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following is NOT a common physical examination finding?
1) Barrel chest
2) Wheezing
3) Cyanosis
4) Increased anteroposterior diameter
While wheezing can occur in patients with COPD, it is not a common physical examination finding.
Which of the following is true regarding the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
1) It is used primarily to assess the severity of spinal injuries.
2) It assesses only motor function.
3) It is not applicable in patients with head injuries.
4) It evaluates eye opening, verbal response, and motor activity.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely used to assess the severity of coma or impaired consciousness, particularly in patients with head injuries.
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB
1) Skin test
2) Chest X-ray
3) Sputum examination
4) Histology
General Medicine
Answer: 3
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB is sputum examination
What is the primary role of the anterior pituitary gland in the development and function of the reproductive system?
1) It produces sex hormones directly
2) It regulates the production of gonadal hormones
3) It produces GH, which is essential for sexual maturation
4) It regulates the menstrual cycle in females
The anterior pituitary gland produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for the development and function of the reproductive system. FSH and LH regulate the production of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, in the gonads (ovaries and testes).