MDS PREP
Radiation caries is caused by irradiation of
1. Salivary glands
2. Enamel
3. Enamel and dentin
4. Oral mucosa
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Radiation caries is caused by irradiation of salivary glands.
Lemina dura is lost or partially lost in
1. Hypothyroidism
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Hypoparathyroidism
4. Hyperparathyroidism
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Lamina dura is lost or partially lost in hyperparathyroidism.
What are common signs of Cushing's syndrome?
1) Hyperkalemia and extreme fatigue
2) Central obesity and a buffalo hump
3) Decreased blood glucose levels
4) Testicular atrophy
Common signs of Cushing's syndrome include central obesity and a buffalo hump, resulting from excess cortisol production.
Gas Gangrene is caused by -
1. Clostridium tetani
2. Clostridium perfringens
3. Clostridium difficile
4. Peptostreptococci
Pathology
Answer: 2
Gas Gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis or anaerobic cellulitis,
is a severe and rapidly progressing form of necrotizing soft tissue infection
caused by the bacterial genus Clostridium. The condition is characterized by the
production of gas within the tissues due to the fermentation of carbohydrates by
the bacteria. The most common species implicated in gas gangrene is Clostridium
perfringens.
1. Clostridium tetani: This bacterium is the causative agent of tetanus, which
is a neurotoxic disease that leads to muscle spasms and rigidity. It is not
directly associated with gas gangrene, although both are anaerobic infections
that can occur in deep puncture wounds and both produce exotoxins. However, the
primary symptom of tetanus is muscular rigidity and spasms due to the production
of tetanospasmin, not the tissue destruction and gas production seen in gas
gangrene.
2. Clostridium perfringens: This is the most common cause of gas gangrene. C.
perfringens produces alpha toxin, which is a powerful enzyme that can break down
tissue and release gas as a byproduct. The infection typically occurs in the
deep layers of the skin and muscles following a severe trauma, surgery, or
burns, where there is a lack of oxygen, allowing the anaerobic bacteria to
thrive. The rapid spread of infection is due to the bacteria's ability to
produce multiple exotoxins that cause tissue necrosis and vasoconstriction,
leading to ischemia and further tissue damage.
3. Clostridium difficile: Although a member of the Clostridium genus, C.
difficile is mainly associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and
pseudomembranous colitis. It is a hospital-acquired infection that affects the
intestinal tract and is not typically involved in causing gas gangrene. While it
is an anaerobic bacterium, its pathogenicity is primarily due to the production
of toxins that damage the colon's mucosal lining rather than invading tissues
outside the gut.
4. Peptostreptococci: These are anaerobic bacteria that can be part of the
normal skin and mucosal flora. They are involved in various infections,
particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical
conditions. Peptostreptococci are more commonly associated with mixed anaerobic
infections such as abscesses, osteomyelitis, and other soft tissue infections,
but they are not typically the sole cause of gas gangrene.
Carbamazepine has been utilized to successfully diminish attacks in trigeminal neuralgia. During this therapy which of the following is indicated?
1. Clinical observation only
2. Clinical observation and complete blood and platelet counts prior to and at frequent intervals during therapy
3. No monitoring
4. None of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
During carbamazepine therapy for trigeminal neuralgia, clinical observation and blood counts are indicated.
Palatal petechiae t are present in
1. hyperthyroidism
2. infectious mononucleosis
3. osteopetrosis
4. hypophosphatasia
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Palatal petechiae are often seen in infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
Which of the following disease are common in ashkenazi jews
1. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease
2. Gaucher"s disease and Niemann-Pick disease
3. Amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta
4. Achondroplasia and Marfan"s syndrome
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Gaucher's disease and Niemann-Pick disease are common in Ashkenazi Jews.
Hypersensitively reaction seen in stomatitis venenata is
1. Type I
2. Type II
3. Type III
4. Type IV
Hypersensitivity reactions seen in stomatitis venenata are classified as Type IV.