MDS PREP
Which of the following statements is true regarding Bacillus anthracis?
1) It is motile.
2) It is capsulated.
3) It grows in short chains.
4) It is susceptible to chloral hydrate.
Bacillus anthracis is capsulated, which is a key feature of its virulence.
Which of the following statements is true about the colony morphology and cultural characteristics of Anthrax bacilli?
1) Anthrax bacilli are motile and produce a turbidity in broth.
2) The Medusa head appearance is seen in non-virulent strains of anthrax bacilli.
3) Virulent capsulated strains form smooth colonies.
4) The inverted fir tree appearance is characteristic of Anthracoid bacilli.
General Microbiology Answer: 2
The Medusa head appearance is characteristic of virulent strains of anthrax bacilli.
Which of the following hepatitis viruses has a single-stranded RNA genome?
1) Hepatitis A
2) Hepatitis B
3) Hepatitis C
4) Hepatitis D
General Microbiology Answer: 1Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known for its single-stranded RNA genome. This characteristic is crucial for its classification and understanding its replication cycle, which involves RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Most bacterial endotoxins are composed of
1. pure carbohydrates
2. mucoprotein complexes
3. pure lipids
4. lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes
Microbiology
Answer: 4
Most bacterial endotoxins are composed of lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes
What is the correct color coding for bio-medical waste that requires incineration or deep burial?
1) Red
2) Yellow
3) Blue/white translucent
4) Black
General Microbiology Answer: 2
Yellow is the designated color for bio-medical waste that is considered hazardous and requires incineration or deep burial. This classification helps in the proper disposal of infectious and potentially harmful materials.
Which of the following is NOT a typical anaerobe found in human microbiota?
1) C1. Perfringens
2) C1. Tetani
3) C1. Difficule
4) C1. Botulinum
General Microbiology Answer: 2
C1. Tetani (Clostridium tetani) It is a spore-forming, gram-positive
bacillus that causes tetanus, a neurological disorder resulting from the
production of tetanospasmin, a toxin that affects the nervous system. It is
usually found in soil, dust, and manure, and enters the body through breaks in
the skin.
C1. Perfringens (Clostridium perfringens) is an anaerobic, gram-positive
bacillus commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and soil. It can be a part
of the normal flora in the intestines and is also a pathogen, causing diseases
such as food poisoning and gas gangrene.
C1. Difficule (Clostridium difficule) is an anaerobic, gram-positive
spore-forming bacillus that is part of the human gut microbiota. It is notorious
for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.
C1. Botulinum (Clostridium botulinum) is an anaerobic, spore-forming,
gram-positive bacillus found in various environments, including soil and water.
It is known for producing the neurotoxin that causes botulism, a rare but severe
form of food poisoning.
What is the typical finding of eosinophils in amoebic dysentery?
1) Abundant
2) Few
3) Absent
4) Numerous
General Microbiology Answer: 3Amoebic dysentery is not typically associated with a significant eosinophilic response. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that is often involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, but their presence is usually minimal in the context of amoebic infections. The inflammatory response in amoebic dysentery is mainly composed of neutrophils and macrophages.
What is the role of the Vi antigen in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever?
1) It aids in colonization of the intestinal mucosa.
2) It confers resistance to antibiotics.
3) It is involved in the production of toxins.
4) It allows the bacteria to evade the host's immune response by inhibiting phagocytosis.
General Microbiology Answer: 4The role of the Vi antigen in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever is it allows the bacteria to evade the hosts immune response by inhibiting phagocytosis: The Vi antigen is a polysaccharide capsule found in some strains of S. typhi that helps the bacteria avoid phagocytosis by host immune cells. This contributes to the bacterias ability to survive and proliferate within the human body.