MDS PREP
Which of the following acids is intermediate in the biosynthesis the cell wall?
1. Alanyl diaminopimelic
2. L-glutamic
3 Uridylic
4. N-acetyl muramic
Microbiology
Answer: 4
N-acetyl muramic is intermediate in the biosynthesis the cell wall
The virus which is most resistant to chemical and physical agents is the one which causes
1. infectious hepatitis
2. mumps
3. influenza
4. serum hepatitis
Microbiology
Answer: 4
Infectious hepatitis (Hepatitis A virus): While HAV is
resistant to some environmental conditions, it is generally less resistant
than HBV.
Mumps virus: This is an enveloped virus and is not
particularly resistant to environmental factors.
Influenza virus: This is also an enveloped virus and is
susceptible to heat and many disinfectants.
Serum hepatitis (Hepatitis B virus): HBV is known for
its resilience. It can survive outside the body for long periods and is
resistant to many disinfectants and physical agents, making it one of the
more resistant viruses.
In summary, the correct answer is indeed 4. serum hepatitis
(Hepatitis B virus), as it is more resistant to chemical and physical
agents
What is the typical finding of eosinophils in amoebic dysentery?
1) Abundant
2) Few
3) Absent
4) Numerous
General Microbiology Answer: 3Amoebic dysentery is not typically associated with a significant eosinophilic response. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that is often involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, but their presence is usually minimal in the context of amoebic infections. The inflammatory response in amoebic dysentery is mainly composed of neutrophils and macrophages.
The bacterial population in the gingival sulcus or the pocket that influences the course of periodontal disease has been found to involve
1 bacteria indigenous to the oral cavity
2. essentially a pure culture
3. essentially the same organisms found in the healthy sulcus
4. mostly aerobic bacteria
Microbiology
Answer: 3
The bacterial population in the gingival sulcus or the pocket that influences the course of periodontal disease has essentially the same organisms found in the healthy sulcus
The most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of a reduction in rate of salivary flow is a
1. significant increase in number of oral bacteria
2. shift towards a more acidogenic microflora
3 significant decrease in number of oral bacteria
4 shift towards a more aerobic micro flora
Microbiology
Answer: 2
The most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of a reduction in rate of salivary flow is a shift towards a more acidogenic microflora
What is the significance of HLA class I antigens in the context of graft rejection and cell mediated cytolysis?
1) They are only involved in cell-to-cell recognition in the immune system.
2) They are the principal antigens that induce an immune response in the host against transplanted tissues.
3) They have no role in graft rejection or cell-mediated immunity.
4) They are only involved in the innate immune response.
General Microbiology Answer: 2
HLA class I antigens are the principal antigens that induce an immune response in the host against transplanted tissues.
What is the purpose of using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant in the hepatitis B vaccine?
1) To increase the immunogenicity of the vaccine
2) To prevent bacterial contamination
3) To enhance the stability of the vaccine
4) To reduce the amount of antigen needed for immunization
General Microbiology Answer: 1
Aluminum hydroxide is used as an adjuvant in the hepatitis B vaccine to increase the immunogenicity of the vaccine, enhancing the body's immune response to the antigen.
What does one unit of antitoxin refer to in the context of diphtheria toxin?
1) The amount needed to neutralize 100 MLD of toxin
2) The amount of antitoxin that causes the toxin to flocculate
3) The amount that confers immunity to an individual
4) The amount of toxin that can cause disease in an average host
One unit of antitoxin refers to the amount needed to neutralize 100 MLD of diphtheria toxin.