MDS PREP
A 30-year-old male presents with a history of recurrent fever, chills, and pain in the right iliac fossa. His urinalysis is normal. His blood tests reveal leukocytosis and an elevated ESR. An ultrasound shows a right sided mass. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Pyelonephritis
2) Crohn's disease
3) Tubo-ovarian abscess
4) Appendicitis
The combination of fever, chills, and right iliac fossa pain with a pelvic mass and leukocytosis is most indicative of a tubo-ovarian abscess. This condition is often a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens including sexually transmitted infections.
What gene is commonly associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
1) APC
2) LKB1/STK11
3) MUTYH
4) TP53
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is associated with mutations in the LKB1/STK11 gene. This autosomal dominant disorder is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, and it increases the risk of various malignancies.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypoadrenalism?
1) Pituitary tumor
2) Adrenal tumor
3) Pituitary apoplexy
4) Sheehan's syndrome
Secondary hypoadrenalism occurs due to decreased stimulation of the adrenal glands by the pituitary gland, most commonly as a result of a pituitary tumor, such as a prolactinoma or nonfunctioning adenoma, which compresses the pituitary gland and impairs its ability to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB
1) Skin test
2) Chest X-ray
3) Sputum examination
4) Histology
General Medicine
Answer: 3
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB is sputum examination
What is the typical serum albumin level seen in the nephrotic syndrome?
1) > 4 g/dL
2) 3.0-3.5 g/dL
3) < 3.0 g/dL
4) 2.0-2.5 g/dL
The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by hypoalbuminemia, with serum albumin levels typically less than 3 g/dL due to the loss of albumin in the urine.
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in adults?
1) Parathyroid adenoma
2) Parathyroid carcinoma
3) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1)
4) Parathyroid hyperplasia
In adults, the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a solitary parathyroid adenoma. This benign tumor of the parathyroid gland leads to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in hypercalcemia and other associated symptoms. Parathyroid carcinoma is rare, and while MEN 1 and parathyroid hyperplasia can also cause primary hyperparathyroidism, they are less common than solitary adenomas.
What is the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia?
1) Afibrinogenemia
2) Vitamin K deficiency
3) Hemophilia A
4) Hemophilia B
Although the question mentions that hypoprothrombinemia is associated with vitamin K deficiency, the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia is actually deficiency of factor II, which is vitamin K-dependent. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to impaired synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver.
What is the typical location of involvement in Crohn's disease?
1) Proximal small intestine
2) Distal small intestine
3) Large intestine
4) Both small and large intestines
Crohn's disease most commonly affects the distal ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.