MDS PREP
What is the primary target of the immune response in Celiac disease?
1) Glia cells in the intestinal mucosa
2) Gluten proteins
3) Enterocytes in the intestinal villi
4) Pancreatic cells
Celiac disease is an autoimmune response to gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, and possibly other grains, which leads to inflammation and damage in the small intestine.
What is the most common serosal cavity involved in SLE?
1) Pleural cavity
2) Pericardial cavity
3) Peritoneal cavity
4) Peripheral synovial membranes
Pleurisy, or inflammation of the pleural lining, is the most common serosal involvement in SLE. This can lead to pleural effusions and chest pain.
Which autoantibody is most specific for the diagnosis of SLE?
1) Anti-double stranded DNA
2) Anti-Smith antigen
3) Anti-nuclear antibody
4) Anti-RNP antibody
Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 20-30% of patients. While antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies are also associated with SLE, they are less specific as they can also be present in other conditions.
What is Laron syndrome or Laron dwarfism?
1) A genetic disorder causing severe growth hormone deficiency
2) A form of familial short stature
3) Growth hormone resistance due to a defect in GH receptor
4) A condition resulting from a mutation in the GHRH gene
Laron syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by insensitivity to growth hormone due to mutations in the GH receptor, leading to proportionate dwarfism and characteristic facial features.
What is the primary target organ of toxicity in Wilson’s disease?
1) Liver
2) Pancreas
3) Brain
4) Kidneys
In the brain, Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, particularly the putamen, leading to the neurological symptoms mentioned earlier. While the liver and kidneys can also be involved, the central nervous system is the primary target organ for toxicity.
In a patient with hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is NOT a feature of osteoporosis?
1) Decreased bone density
2) Increased bone turnover
3) Increased risk of fractures
4) Decreased bone resorption
Hyperparathyroidism typically leads to increased bone resorption due to the actions of PTH, which can result in osteoporosis characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures despite increased bone turnover.
What is the typical clinical presentation of acute alcoholic hepatitis?
1) Asymptomatic, with mild transaminitis
2) Fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain
3) Diarrhea and vomiting
4) Generalized edema
Acute alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.
Crohn's disease is characterized by which of the following features during a colonoscopy?
1) Cobblestone appearance of the mucosa
2) Strictures and skip lesions
3) Longitudinal ulcers and creeping fat
4) All of the above
Crohn's disease typically presents with a cobblestone appearance of the mucosa due to the alternating involvement of diseased and healthy mucosal segments, strictures and skip lesions due to transmural inflammation affecting all layers of the bowel wall, and creeping fat, which is mesenteric fat wrapping around the bowel surface.