MDS PREP
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
The drug of choice for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis is:
1) Rifampicin
2) Isoniazid
3) Streptomycin
4) Gentamicin
Rifampicin is a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. It has excellent penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid and is bactericidal. Isoniazid and ethambutol are also commonly used as part of a multi-drug regimen, but rifampicin is particularly important due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier effectively and its rapid bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A patient with a history of hypothyroidism presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
1) Subclinical hypothyroidism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Thyroid cancer
4) Adrenal insufficiency
The symptoms of fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain are more consistent with hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a milder form of hypothyroidism where the patient may have a normal T4 level but an elevated TSH level.
How is chronic hepatitis typically defined?
(1) Asymptomatic with biochemical evidence of liver disease for less than 6 months
(2) Asymptomatic with histologically documented inflammation for less than 6 months
(3) Asymptomatic with serological evidence of hepatic disease for less than 6 months
(4) Asymptomatic with biochemical or serological evidence of liver disease for more than 6 months
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.
In humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), what is the most common overproduced substance leading to hypercalcemia?
(1) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(2) Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
(3) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)
(4) Calcitonin
PTHrP is a protein that is structurally similar to parathyroid hormone (PTH) but is produced by some tumor cells. It acts on the PTH receptor, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood, similar to PTH. HHM is most often associated with overproduction of PTHrP by tumors, causing hypercalcemia without the typical elevation in PTH levels seen in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Delayed wound healing is seen in all except
1) Malignancy
2) Hypertension
3) Diabetes
4) Infection
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
While hypertension can have various health implications, it is not typically
associated with delayed wound healing. In contrast, malignancy, diabetes, and
infection are known to impair the healing process.
A patient with severe asthma is prescribed a combination of albuterol and ipratropium. What is the primary mechanism of action for each medication?
(1) Albuterol: beta2-adrenergic agonist; Ipratropium: muscarinic antagonist
(2) Albuterol: muscarinic antagonist; Ipratropium: beta2-adrenergic agonist
(3) Albuterol: beta-adrenergic agonist; Ipratropium: muscarinic antagonist
(4) Albuterol: muscarinic agonist; Ipratropium: beta2-adrenergic antagonist
Albuterol is a beta2-adrenergic agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, while ipratropium is a muscarinic antagonist that blocks the parasympathetic effects on the airways, leading to bronchodilation.
Which of the following antiprotozoal agents is not indicated for the treatment of giardiasis?
(1) Nitazoxanide
(2) Furazolidone
(3) Metronidazole
(4) Quinacrine
Nitazoxanide and furazolidone are both indicated for the treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia. Metronidazole is also effective against anaerobic bacterial infections but is not primarily used for giardiasis. Quinacrine is an antimalarial agent and is not used to treat protozoal infections such as giardiasis.