MDS PREP
Which is a non-absorbable suture
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyglycollic acid
3) Vicryl
4) Collagen
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known
for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral
surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that
is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly
used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity
profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from
animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable
materials and is absorbed by the body over time.
Varicose veins may be seen in the
1) Calf
2) Thigh
3) Scrotum
4) All of the above
Oral medicine
Answer: 4
Varicose veins are characterized by twisted, swollen veins that often
appear blue or purple. Common signs and symptoms include aching or heavy
legs, burning or throbbing sensations, muscle cramps, swelling in the lower
legs, and skin changes such as color alterations or sores
Visible Changes:
Twisted, swollen veins that are often blue or dark purple.
Bulging veins that may appear just below the skin surface.
Physical Sensations:
Aching or heavy feeling in the legs.
Burning, throbbing, or cramping sensations, particularly in the
calves.
Swelling in the lower legs and ankles.
Skin Changes:
Color changes in the skin, which may appear red or brown.
Development of sores or ulcers on the skin that do not heal easily.
Scaly or irritated skin that may crack easily.
Other Symptoms:
Restless legs syndrome, which can cause discomfort and an urge to
move the legs.
Pain in the legs or calves after prolonged sitting or standing.
Complications of Varicose Veins
Severe Symptoms:
Increased leg swelling and pain, especially after long periods of
inactivity.
Risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to
serious complications if blood clots form.
Skin Conditions:
Lipodermatosclerosis, a condition that causes inflammation and
hardening of the skin.
Venous ulcers, which are painful sores that can develop due to poor
circulation.
What is the primary cellular defect caused by HIV infection leading to AIDS?
(1) Depletion of CD8 cells
(2) Depletion of CD4 cells
(3) Overproduction of CD8 cells
(4) Overproduction of CD4 cells
The primary cellular defect caused by HIV infection is the depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells, which are essential for a properly functioning immune system. This leads to a compromised immune system that is susceptible to opportunistic infections.
In Paget's disease of bone, which of the following is a characteristic finding in serum biochemistry?
(1) High serum alkaline phosphatase levels
(2) High serum calcium levels
(3) Low serum phosphorus levels
(4) High serum PTH levels
Paget's disease is characterized by excessive and abnormal bone remodeling, which results in increased bone turnover. This increased turnover is reflected in the serum by high levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone formation. While calcium and phosphorus levels may be affected in some cases, the hallmark biochemical abnormality in Paget's disease is elevated alkaline phosphatase.
A patient is admitted with suspected cholera. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this condition?
(1) Intravenous antibiotics
(2) Intravenous fluids and electrolytes
(3) Intravenous opioids
(4) Intravenous corticosteroids
The most critical aspect of cholera treatment is aggressive rehydration to replace the large volume of fluid and electrolytes lost through diarrhea. Antibiotics may be administered to reduce the duration of illness and the volume of diarrhea, but rehydration is the immediate priority.
"potato tumour" is the
1) Carcinoma thyroid
2) Infected sebaceous cyst
3) Chemodectoma of carotid body
4) Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid
Oral medicine
Answer: 3
The term "potato tumour" is often used to describe a chemodectoma, which is a type of tumor that arises from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body. These tumors can be vascular and may have a lobulated appearance, resembling a potato. They are typically benign but can cause symptoms due to their location and pressure effects on surrounding structures.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
1) 12-16 breaths/min
2) 16-20 breaths/min
3) 20-24 breaths/min
4) 24-30 breaths/min
The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.
A patient has been prescribed mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. What is the primary mechanism of action of mefloquine?
(1) Inhibition of folic acid synthesis
(2) Inhibition of DNA replication
(3) Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis
(4) Inhibition of sodium channels
Mefloquine is effective against malaria because it inhibits the DNA replication in the parasites' asexual erythrocytic stages, thus preventing their proliferation.