Shorts

The generally accepted "certainly lethal dose" range for 70 kg adults, i.e., from 5 to 10 g of sodium fluoride or from 32 to 64 mg fluoride/kg

The concept of a "probably toxic dose" (PTD) is advanced. The PTD, 5.0 mg F/kg, is defined as the dose of ingested fluoride that should trigger immediate therapeutic intervention and hospitalization because of the likelihood of serious toxic consequences. 

The statistical range is calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset. The given values are 14, 12, 10, 5, 3, and 2.


Maximum value = 14 Minimum value = 2
The statistical range (W) is the difference between the maximum and minimum values:

W = maximum - minimum

W = 14 - 2
= 12

 Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 307 pertains to grievous injuries, including those involving permanent damage to body structures like teeth. This section deals with causing life-threatening harm or injuries resulting in long-term disability.

The Sumerians, around 3000 BC, are considered the earliest civilization to show evidence of oral hygiene practices, such as using twigs as toothbrushes.

The primary objective of diet counseling is to provide a realistic diet prescription that can help prevent dental caries. This may involve reducing exposure to cariogenic foods, but it also includes educating the patient on how to balance their diet for optimal oral health.

Fluoride is absorbed into the bloodstream and is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. The kidneys filter the blood and excrete fluoride in the urine. While small amounts of fluoride can also be excreted through saliva and sweat, the kidneys are the main route of elimination.

Sigurd Ramfjord introduced the Periodontal Disease Index a clinical tool that used a periodontal probe , with marks at 3, 6 and 8 mm, to measure the distance from the cemento–enamel junction to the bottom of the pocket (i.e. attachment loss) Ramfjord recommended the assessment of six ‘index teeth’ that soon became known as the ‘Ramfjord teeth’ These teeth were: maxillary right first molar (tooth 16), maxillary left central incisor (tooth 11), maxillary left first bicuspid (tooth 24), mandibular left first molar (tooth 36), mandibular right central incisor (tooth 41) and mandibular right first bicuspid (tooth 44).

Primary prevention involves intervening before a lesion occurs to prevent the disease from developing. This includes actions like brushing with fluoride toothpaste, using fluoride mouth rinses, and maintaining a balanced diet to prevent dental caries.