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Showing page 1 of 23 (199 total shorts) — subject: "Endodontics"
#1 Endodontics
Carbamide peroxide is the standard bleaching material used for night guard vital tooth bleaching (at-home bleaching). It typically comes in 10-15% concentration and breaks down slowly to release 3% hydrogen peroxide over several hours. This provides: 1) Extended contact time for effective bleaching, 2) Lower concentration reduces sensitivity, 3) Controlled release ensures patient safety, 4) Better patient compliance due to comfortable application. Superoxol (30% H2O2) is too strong for home use.
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Answer
The bleaching material used for night guard vital tooth bleaching is 
 1. Superoxol
 2. Anesthetic ether and hycrochloric acid
 3. Sodium bicarbonate
 4. Carbamide peroxide
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#2 Endodontics
An apicectomy (or root-end resection) is a minor surgical procedure performed to remove the apex, or very end, of a tooth's root. This procedure is typically necessary when inflammation or infection persists in the bony area around the end of a tooth after a standard root canal procedure has failed. The procedure is often followed by a retrograde filling (retrograde restoration) to seal the end of the root canal.
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Answer
Apicectomy is
1) Periapical curettage
2) Retrograde restoration
3) Surgical removal of root
4) Surgical removal of root tip of an endodontically treated tooth
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#3 Endodontics
For mild tetracycline staining in a 12-year-old child, at-home bleaching is the most conservative and effective first-line treatment. It uses lower concentrations (10-15% carbamide peroxide) which are safer for young patients, provides gradual treatment that reduces sensitivity. Hydrochloric acid microabrasion is too aggressive for mild stains, Superoxol (30% H2O2) is too strong for vital teeth in children, and composite veneers are too invasive for mild discoloration.
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Answer
A 12-year-old child comes to your office with a history of long-term use of tetracycline. The anterior teeth are a mild yellowith brown. What method would you use to remove the stain? 
 1. Hydrochloric acid pumice microabrasions
 2. At home bleaching method
 3. Superoxol with or without heat
 4. Composite resin veneers
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#4 Endodontics
Leakage due to improper obturation: Inadequate sealing of the root canal system allows bacteria and irritants to leak from the oral cavity back into the periapical tissues, causing the lesion to persist or enlarge.

Persistent cystic lining: A true cyst has a distinct epithelial lining that is not resolved by conventional non-surgical root canal therapy alone. If the cyst lining remains, the lesion may continue to grow.

Failure to do apical curettage: While not always necessary for non-surgical cases, in some instances where the lesion is large or persistent, surgical intervention including apical curettage (removal of the inflamed or infected periapical tissue) may be required to facilitate healing.
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Answer
A patient has been treated endodontically for a radiolucent lesion at apex. After 1 year, size of lesion increased. Most possible reason is
1) Leakage due to improper obturation
2) Persistent cystic lining
3) Failure to do apical curetage
4) All of the above
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#5 Endodontics
Hydrogen peroxide is the solution used to bleach non-vital endodontically treated teeth. Typically used as: 1) 30% hydrogen peroxide (Superoxol) for in-office bleaching, 2) Can be activated with heat for enhanced effectiveness, 3) May be mixed with sodium perborate for walking bleach technique, 4) Penetrates dentin tubules to break down chromophores causing discoloration. Chloroform and ether are solvents used for gutta-percha removal, while sodium hypochlorite is an irrigant for canal disinfection, not bleaching.
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Answer
The solution used to bleach non-vital endodontically treated teeth 
 1. Chloroform
 2. Ether
 3. Hydrogen peroxide
 4. Sodium hypochlorite
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#6 Endodontics
Apical surgery is least indicated in mandibular premolars due to proximity to the mental nerve and risk of paresthesia. The mental foramen location makes surgical access more complicated.
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Answer
Apical surgery is least indicated in 
 1. Maxillary molars
 2. Maxillary premolars
 3. Mandibular molars
 4. Mandibular premolars
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#7 Endodontics
Internal resorption is an inflammatory process initiated within the pulp space. For internal resorption to occur and progress, it requires a vital pulp that is undergoing chronic inflammation, which provides the active blood supply and odontoclasts necessary to resorb the dentin from the inside out. If pulp necrosis occurs, the resorption process stops because the tissue loses its blood supply and cellular vitality
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Answer
Internal resorption is due to............
1) Pulp necrosis
2) Acute inflammation of pulp
3) Chronic inflammation of pulp
4) None of the above
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#8 Endodontics
Condensing osteitis (focal sclerosing osteomyelitis) is a radiopaque lesion representing a localized bony reaction to a low-grade inflammatory stimulus. It most frequently affects the mandibular first molar in young patients and is typically asymptomatic, discovered incidentally on radiographs.
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Answer
Condensing osteitis is most commonly associated with which of the following clinical scenarios?
1) Acute pain and swelling in the maxillary anterior region
2) Asymptomatic radiopacity at the apex of a mandibular first molar
3) A vital tooth with no history of caries
4) Rapid bone destruction and pus discharge 
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#9 Endodontics
Radiopacifiers such as barium sulfate or bismuth compounds allow gutta-percha to be visualized on radiographs.
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Answer

The radiopacity of gutta-percha cones is mainly due to the presence of:

1) Calcium hydroxide
2) Zinc oxide
3) barium sulfate
4) Eugenol

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