Carcinoma cervix is strongly associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly high-risk strains such as HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Persistent infection with these oncogenic HPV types leads to integration of viral DNA into host cells, producing viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, which inactivate tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb respectively. This promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation and malignant transformation.
Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), but its incidence is geographically limited (endemic in equatorial Africa).
Carcinoma breast has no established viral association; it is linked more to genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors.
NEET MDS