Shorts

What is the primary mode of action of exotoxins?
1) Enzymatic
2) Non-enzymatic
3) Structural disruption
4) Inhibition of protein synthesis

What is the role of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system in controlling foodborne pathogens?
1) It prevents cross-contamination by segregating different food types.
2) It ensures that food is stored at optimal temperatures to prevent spoilage.
3) It tracks microbial growth during transportation.
4) It identifies critical points in food production where contamination risks can be controlled.

What is the primary way Ascaris lumbricoides causes pathology in infected individuals?
1) By causing intestinal obstruction and malabsorption
2) By penetrating the skin and entering the bloodstream
3) By invading the lungs and causing pneumonitis
4) By attaching to the intestinal wall and causing ulceration

What type of genome do Hepatitis B viruses have?

1) ssRNA

2) dsDNA

3) ssDNA

4) dsRNA

The minimum and maximum temperature for normal metabolic activity microorganisms that live on or within the human body is
1 5⁰ C to 30⁰ C
2 20⁰ C to 45⁰ C
3. 30⁰ C to 40⁰ C
4. 15 C to 60⁰ C

Which of the following is NOT a causative agent of dentoalveolar abscess?

1) Prevotella intermedia

2) P. melaninogenicus

3) Porphyromonas gingivalis

4) Fusobacterium nucleatum

What are the typical clinical features of typhoid fever?

1) High fever, bradycardia, and a palpable spleen

2) Rash, joint pain, and respiratory symptoms

3) Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting

4) Headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness