213+ quick-fire dental facts • tap a card to flip
In bacillary dysentery, what is the typical stool consistency?
1) Not adherent to the container
2) Adherent to the container
3) Watery
4) Mucous
Correct answer: 1) To reduce the likelihood of bacteria developing resistance to any one antibiotic
Why is combination therapy sometimes recommended in treating bacterial infections?
1) To reduce the likelihood of bacteria developing resistance to any one antibiotic
2) To use multiple antibiotics to increase overall resistance in a population
3) To increase the likelihood of side effects in the patient
4) To decrease the effectiveness of the antibiotics
Low pH Prevents Spoilage
Acid Inhibition: Most harmful bacteria and spoilage microorganisms cannot survive or grow well in a strongly acidic environment (low pH).
Enzyme Disruption: Acid enters bacterial cells and disrupts their normal chemical reactions and internal balance.
Preservation Effect: This stops bacteria from multiplying and spoiling the food, keeping the vegetables safe to eat for a longer time.
How does maintaining a low pH in pickled vegetables prevent microbial spoilage?
1) Most spoilage bacteria are inhibited by acidic conditions.
2) It promotes the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
3) It increases oxygen availability, which inhibits anaerobes.
4) It reduces the production of metabolic waste products by bacteria.
What is the significance of HLA class I antigens in the context of graft rejection and cell mediated cytolysis?
1) They are only involved in cell-to-cell recognition in the immune system.
2) They are the principal antigens that induce an immune response in the host against transplanted tissues.
3) They have no role in graft rejection or cell-mediated immunity.
4) They are only involved in the innate immune response.
Which of the following is a characteristic of amoebic dysentery?
1) More than 10 motions a day
2) Small, odorless stools
3) Dark red, copious stools
4) Presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals
Which of the following statements about the fermentation of sugars by Anthracoid bacilli is true?
1) Anthracoid bacilli ferment glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose, producing acid and gas.
2) Anthracoid bacilli do not ferment glucose but ferment maltose, lactose, and sucrose.
3) Anthracoid bacilli only ferment glucose.
4) Anthracoid bacilli ferment glucose, maltose, and lactose, but not sucrose.
Which medium is suitable for the transport of Salmonella and Shigella?
1) Cary-Blair medium
2) Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar
3) Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
4) Blood agar
What is the primary clinical significance of a deficiency in C5 to C8 components of the complement system?
1) Hereditary angioneurotic edema
2) Recurrent pyogenic infections
3) Systemic lupus erythematosus
4) Neisserial infections
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